Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Essential University Physics
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321993731
Author: Richard Wolfson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 80PP
To determine
How does the volume flow rate of blood at a stenosis compare with the rate in surrounding artery.
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There are two carotid arteries that feed blood to the brain, one on each side of the neck and head. One patient's carotid arteries are each 11.2 cm long and have an inside diameter of 5.1 mm . Near the middle of the left artery, however, is a 2.0-cm-long stenosis, a section of the artery with a smaller diameter of 3.2 mm .
For the same blood flow rate, what is the ratio of the pressure drop along the patient's left carotid artery to the drop along his right artery?
Calculate the mass flow rate (in grams per second) of blood (?=1.0ρ=1.0 g/cm33) in an aorta with a cross-sectional area of 2.0 cm22 if the flow speed is 45.7 cm/s. Assume that the aorta branches from a large number of capillaries with a combined cross-sectional area of 3.0×1033.0×103 cm22. What is the flow speed in the capillaries?
Smoking can cause a person's arteries to constrict to 90 % of their normal radius. If the usual pressure difference needed to maintain a healthy blood flow rate in an artery is 405 Pa, what new pressure difference is needed to maintain the same volume flow rate (NOT flow speed)? You may assume that the artery has a length of 10 cm, a radius of 2 mm, and that blood has a viscosity of 2.7×10−3N⋅s/m2.7×10−3N⋅s/m. (in Pa)
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Mastering Physics with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Essential University Physics
Ch. 15.1 - What quantity of water has the same mass as 1 m3...Ch. 15.2 - Neglecting friction and other nonconservative...Ch. 15.3 - The density of a rubber ball is three-fifths that...Ch. 15.4 - The photo shows smoke particles tracing...Ch. 15.5 - A large tank is filled with liquid to the level h1...Ch. 15 - Why do your ears pop when you drive up a mountain?Ch. 15 - Commercial aircraft cabins are usually pressurized...Ch. 15 - Water pressure at the bottom of the ocean arises...Ch. 15 - The three containers in Fig. 15.22 are filled to...Ch. 15 - Why is it easier to float in the ocean than in...
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.23 shows a cork suspended from the...Ch. 15 - Meteorologists in the United States usually report...Ch. 15 - A mountain stream, frothy with entrained air...Ch. 15 - Why are dams thicker at the bottom than at the...Ch. 15 - Its not possible to breathe through a snorkel from...Ch. 15 - A helium-filled balloon stops rising long before...Ch. 15 - A barge filled with steel beams overturns in a...Ch. 15 - Why do airplanes take off into the wind?Ch. 15 - Is the flow speed behind a wind turbine greater or...Ch. 15 - The density of molasses is 1600kg/m3. Find the...Ch. 15 - Atomic nuclei have densities around 1017kg/m3,...Ch. 15 - Compressed air with mass 8.8 kg is stored in a...Ch. 15 - The pressure unit torr is defined as the pressure...Ch. 15 - Measurement of small pressure differencesfor...Ch. 15 - Whats the weight of a column of air with...Ch. 15 - A 4680-kg circus elephant balances on one foot. If...Ch. 15 - You unbend a paper clip made from 1.5-mm-diameter...Ch. 15 - Whats the density of a fluid whose pressure...Ch. 15 - A research submarine can withstand an external...Ch. 15 - Prob. 25ECh. 15 - A vertical tube open at the top contains 5.0 cm of...Ch. 15 - A child attempts to drink water through a...Ch. 15 - Barometric pressure in the eye of a hurricane is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 29ECh. 15 - A 5.4-g jewel has apparent weight 32 mN when...Ch. 15 - Styrofoams density is 160kg/m3. What percent error...Ch. 15 - A steel drum has volume 0.23 m3 and mass 16 kg....Ch. 15 - Water flows through a 2.5-cm-diameter pipe at 1.8...Ch. 15 - Show that pressure has the units of energy...Ch. 15 - A typical mass flow rate for the Mississippi River...Ch. 15 - Prob. 36ECh. 15 - A typical human aorta, the main artery from the...Ch. 15 - When a couple with total mass 120 kg lies on a...Ch. 15 - A fully loaded Volvo station wagon has mass 1950...Ch. 15 - Youre stuck in the exit row on a long flight, and...Ch. 15 - A vertical tube 1.0 cm in diameter and open at the...Ch. 15 - Dam breaks present a serious risk of widespread...Ch. 15 - A U-shaped tube open at both ends contains water...Ch. 15 - Prob. 44PCh. 15 - A garage lift has a 45-cm-diameter piston...Ch. 15 - Archimedes purportedly used his principle to...Ch. 15 - Youre testifying in a drunk-driving case for which...Ch. 15 - A glass beaker measures 14 cm high by 5.0 cm in...Ch. 15 - A typical supertanker has mass 2.0 106 kg and...Ch. 15 - A balloon contains gas of density and is to lift a...Ch. 15 - (a) How much helium (density 0.18 kg/m3) is needed...Ch. 15 - A 55-kg swimmer climbs onto a Styrofoam block of...Ch. 15 - If the blood pressure in the unobstructed artery...Ch. 15 - Youre a consultant for maple syrup producers. They...Ch. 15 - The water in a garden hose is at 140-kPa gauge...Ch. 15 - The venturi flowmeter shown in Fig. 15.26 is used...Ch. 15 - A 1.0-cm-diameter venturi flowmeter is inserted in...Ch. 15 - A balloons mass is 1.6 g when its empty. Its...Ch. 15 - Blood with density 1.06 g/cm3 and 10-kPa gauge...Ch. 15 - Prob. 60PCh. 15 - A drinking straw 20 cm long and 3.0 mm in diameter...Ch. 15 - In 2012, film producer James Cameron (Terminator,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 63PCh. 15 - Water emerges from a faucet of diameter d0 in...Ch. 15 - Assuming norm.nl atmospheric pressure, how massive...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.28 shows a simplified diagram of a Pitot...Ch. 15 - At a hearing on a proposed wind farm, a...Ch. 15 - A pencil is weighted so it floats vertically with...Ch. 15 - A can of height h and cross-sectional area A0 is...Ch. 15 - Density and pressure in Earths atmosphere are...Ch. 15 - (a) Use the result of Problem 70 to express...Ch. 15 - A circular pan of liquid with density is centered...Ch. 15 - A solid sphere of radius R and mass M has density ...Ch. 15 - The difference in air pressure between the inside...Ch. 15 - Find the torque that the water exerts about the...Ch. 15 - One vertical wall of a swimming pool is a regular...Ch. 15 - Youre a private investigator assisting a large...Ch. 15 - A plumber conies to your ancient apartment...Ch. 15 - Your class in naval architecture is working on the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 80PPCh. 15 - Prob. 81PPCh. 15 - Prob. 82PPCh. 15 - Prob. 83PP
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- (a) As blood passes through the capillary bed in an organ, the capillaries join to form venules (small veins). If the blood speed increases by a factor of 4.00 and the total cross-sectional area of the venules is 10.0 cm2, what is the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries feeding these venules? (b) How many capillaries are involved if their average diameter is 10.0 m?arrow_forwardAngioplasty is a technique in which arteries partially blocked with plaque are dilated to increase blood flow. By what factor must the radius of an artery be increased in order to increase blood flow by a factor of 10?arrow_forwardThe arterioles (small arteries) leading to organ constrict in order to decrease flow to the organ. To down organ, blood is reduced naturally to 1.00% of its original value. By what factor do the radii of the arterioles constrict?arrow_forward
- Suppose blood is pumped from the heart at a rate of 5.4 L/min into the aorta of radius 1.2 cm. Suppose blood is pumped from the heart at a rate of 5.4 L/min into the aorta of radius 1.2 cm. v= cm/sarrow_forwardThe aorta pumps blood away from the heart at about 40 cm/scm/s and has a radius of about 1.0 cmcm.It then branches into many capillaries, each with a radius of about 5××10−4−4 cmcm carrying blood at a speed of 0.10 cm/s How many capillaries are there?arrow_forwardThe pulmonary artery, which connects the heart to the lungs, has an inner radius of 2.80 mm and is 8.30 cm long. If the pressure drop between the heart and lungs is 420 Pa, what is the average speed of blood in the pulmonary artery? The viscosity of blood is 2.70 ✕ 10−3 Pa·s.arrow_forward
- Suppose that the aorta has a radius of about 1.25 cm and that the typical blood velocity is around 30 cm/s and that it has an average density of 1050 kg/m^3. If the blood in the circulatory system goes through the capillaries, what is the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries if the average velocity of the blood in the capillaries is 0.03 cm/s? a. 0.49 m^2 b. 0.147 m^2 c. 1.47 m^2 d. 0.0125 m^2arrow_forwardIf you are infusing a 1 L Iv bag of a normal saline at a rate of 100 ml per hour, how long will it take for the entire IV bag to infuse into the patient ?arrow_forwardSuppose that the aorta has a radius of about 1.25 cm and that the typical blood velocity is around 30 cm/s and that it has an average density of 1050 kg/m^3. What is the average blood velocity in the major arteries if the total cross-sectional area of the major arteries is 20 cm^2? a. v=7.36 m/s b. v=0.83 m/s c. v=0.074 m/s d. v=0.03 m/sarrow_forward
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