Carbon dioxide dissolves in water according to the equations: CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) ⇌ H 2 CO 3 ( a q ) H 2 CO 3 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) ⇌ HCO 3 − ( a q ) + H 3 O + ( a q ) Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased about 20% over the last century. Given that Earth’s oceans are exposed to atmospheric carbon dioxide, what effect might the increased CO 2 have on the pH of the world’s oceans? What effect might this change have on the limestone structures (primarily CaCO 3 ) of coral reefs and marine shells?
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water according to the equations: CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) ⇌ H 2 CO 3 ( a q ) H 2 CO 3 ( g ) + H 2 O( l ) ⇌ HCO 3 − ( a q ) + H 3 O + ( a q ) Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased about 20% over the last century. Given that Earth’s oceans are exposed to atmospheric carbon dioxide, what effect might the increased CO 2 have on the pH of the world’s oceans? What effect might this change have on the limestone structures (primarily CaCO 3 ) of coral reefs and marine shells?
Solution Summary: The author explains the effect of increase in concentration of carbon dioxide on limestone structures of marine shells and coral reefs.
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water according to the equations:
CO
2
(
g
)
+
H
2
O(
l
)
⇌
H
2
CO
3
(
a
q
)
H
2
CO
3
(
g
)
+
H
2
O(
l
)
⇌
HCO
3
−
(
a
q
)
+
H
3
O
+
(
a
q
)
Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased about 20% over the last century. Given that Earth’s oceans are exposed to atmospheric carbon dioxide, what effect might the increased CO2 have on the pH of the world’s oceans? What effect might this change have on the limestone structures (primarily CaCO3) of coral reefs and marine shells?
1. In each of the equations below, label the acids, bases and their conjugates.
HCOOH
+
H2O
↔
HCOO-
+
H3O+
HPO42-
+
H2O
↔
H2PO4-
+
OH-
NH3
+
H2O
↔
OH-
+
NH4+
2.
Decide which of the following statements are True and which are False about equilibrium systems:
A large value of K means the equilibrium position lies far to the left. For a reaction with K >> 1, the rate of the forward reaction is greater than the rate of the reverse reaction at equilibrium. For the following reaction: H2(g) + F2(g) ⇌ 2HF(g) the values of K and Kp are the same. For the following reaction: CaCO3(s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g) the [CaCO3] appears in the denominator of the equilibrium expression. The value of K at constant temperature does not depend on the amounts of reactants and products that are mixed together initially.
3.
Given the following equilibrium constants at 427°C:…
Complete each of the following equations. Then write the Lewis formulas of the reactants and products and identify each reactant as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base.
AlCl3 + Cl- →
I- + I2 →
Chapter 16 Solutions
Solutions Manual For Chemistry: Structure And Properties
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
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Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell