Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321948908
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 13P
The eyes of Drosophila develop from imaginal discs, groups of cells set aside in the fly embryo that differentiate into the adult structures during the pupal stage. Despite their importance in nature, eyes are dispensable for fruit
Devise a genetic screen to identify genes directing development of the fly eye.
What complications might arise from genetic screens targeting an organ that differentiates late in development?
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What is the difference between a maternal-effect gene and a zygotic gene? Of the following genes that play a role in Drosophila development, which are maternal-effect genes and which are zygotic? Explain your answer.
A. nanos
B. Antp
C. bicoid
D. lab
Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes?
A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte
B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo
C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryo
What would be the most likely effect on development of puncturing the posterior end of a Drosophila egg, allowing a small amount of cytoplasm to leak out, and then injecting that cytoplasm into the anterior end of another egg?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
Ch. 16 - 14.1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PCh. 16 - 3. Genetic maps and physical maps are both...Ch. 16 - 14.5 What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 16 - 14.6 You have cloned the mouse ortholog (see...Ch. 16 - 14.13 The CBF genes of Arabidopsis are induced by...Ch. 16 - 14.14 When the S. cerevisiae genome was sequenced,...Ch. 16 - 14.15 Translational fusions between a protein of...Ch. 16 - In enhancer trapping experiments, a minimal...Ch. 16 - 14.19 In Genetic Analysis, we designed a screen to...
Ch. 16 - How would you design a genetic screen to find...Ch. 16 - 14.21 The eyes of Drosophila develop from imaginal...Ch. 16 - 14.22 Given your knowledge of the genetic tools...Ch. 16 - Mutations in the CFTR gene result in cystic...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16PCh. 16 - 14.25 How would you conduct a screen to identify...Ch. 16 - In land plants, there is an alternation of...Ch. 16 - 14.27 The Drosophila evenskipped (eve) gene is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 20PCh. 16 - 14.29 As shown in Figure, mutations in the...
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- Explain hoxA3 and HoxD3 genes are nearly equivalent yet they play distinct roles in the development of mouse.arrow_forwardDevelopmental genes are often highly conserved. However, organisms with very similar genes can appear quite different. How is this possible? A. The genes may usually undergo mutation during development, resulting in the production of varied proteins in individual cells. B. If an identical gene is turned on at different stages in development, it can have very different effects. C. Even if genes are quite similar, they always produce proteins with different functions. D. If the genes are very similar, they must always be expressed similarly (at similar times in development) but may sometimes still have varying effects.arrow_forwardExplain how loss-of-function mutations in the following categories of genes would affect the morphologies of Drosophila larvae: A. Gap genes B. Pair-rule genes C. Segment-polarity genesarrow_forward
- Discuss how the anterior portion of the anteroposterior axis is established in Drosophila. What aspects of oogenesis are critical in establishing this axis? What do you think would happen if the bicoid mRNA was not trapped at the anterior end but instead diffused freely throughout the oocyte?arrow_forwardWhen an embryo is homozygous mutant for the gap gene Kr, the fourth and fifth stripes of the pair-rule gene ftz (counting from the anterior end) do not form normally. When the gap gene kni is mutant, the fifth and sixth ftz stripes do not form normally. Explain these results in regard to how segment number is established in the embryoarrow_forwardIn recent years, techniques have been developed to clone mammals through a process called nuclear transfer, in which the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to an egg cell from which the nuclear material has been removed . Research has demonstrated that when a nucleus from a differentiated somatic cell is transferred to an eggcell, only a small percentage of the resulting embryos complete development, and many of those that do die shortly after birth. In contrast, when a nucleus from an undifferentiated embryonic stem cell is transferred to an egg cell, the percentage of embryos that complete development is significantly higher (W. M. Rideout, K. Eggan, and R. Jaenisch. 2001. Science 293:1095–1098). Propose a possible reason for why a higher percentage of cloned embryos develop successfully when the nucleus transferred comes from an undifferentiated embryonic stem cell.arrow_forward
- What would you predict to be the phenotype of a Drosophila larva whose mother was homozygous for a loss-of-function allele in the nanos gene?arrow_forwardA maternal effect gene in Drosophila, called torso, is found as a recessive allele that prevents the correct development of anterior- and posterior-most structures. A wild-type (homozygous) male iscrossed to a female of unknown genotype. This mating produces 100% larva that are missing theiranterior- and posterior-most structures and therefore die during early development. What is the genotype and phenotype of the female fly in this cross? What are the genotypes andphenotypes of the female fly’s parents? Show COMPLETE cross. Maternal genotype:Paternal genotype:F1 genotype:F1 phenotype:arrow_forwardA maternal effect gene in Drosophila, called torso, is found as a recessive allele that prevents the correct development of anterior- and posterior-most structures. A wild-type (homozygous) male is crossed to a female of unknown genotype. This mating produces 100% larva that are missing their anterior- and posterior-most structures and therefore die during early development. What is the genotype and phenotype of the female fly in this cross? What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the female fly’s parents? Show COMPLETE cross.arrow_forward
- What would be the most likely effect of inhibiting the translation of hunchback mRNA throughout a Drosophila embryo?arrow_forwardA number of genes that control expression of Hox genes in Drosophila have been identified. One of these homozygous mutants is extra sex combs, where some of the head and all of the thorax and abdominal segments develop as the last abdominal segment. In other words, all affected segments develop as posterior segments. What does this phenotype tell you about which set of Hox genes is controlled by the extra sex combs gene?arrow_forwardYou isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discover that the DNA region encoding the spatial control region (SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?arrow_forward
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