Chapter 16, Problem 1QC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The representation of organic molecules to illustrate the similarities and differences is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Organic molecules are composed of carbon and other elements.

Several organic molecules having the same composition of elements differ in their properties. Two or more than two compounds can have the same molecular composition, but have different structures. Such compounds are called isomers.

Explanation of Solution

Organic molecules can be represented by their molecular formulas, ball and stick models, structural formula, and line structures to explain their similarities and differences.

The number of each type of element is the same in the molecular formula of certain compounds.

The structural formula provides the arrangement of atoms in the molecule. In a condensed structural formula, the bonds are not shown and identical groups are represented as a group.

Line structures represent the connected carbon atoms by a line, and the symbols for carbon and hydrogen atoms are not shown. The intersection and ends of the line represent carbon atoms. Line structure is used to show the differences between branched-chain and straight-chain isomers of a compound.

The ball and stick model helps in identifying the arrangement of each atom in three-dimensional space. An atom is represented by a ball and sticks are used to represent bonds between atoms.

Conclusion

Organic molecules can be represented by their molecular formulas, ball and stick models, structural formula, and line structures in order to identify the similarities and differences between them.