BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF)-W/ACCESS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781319425784
Author: BERG
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 22P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Match the capital letters representing the following gluconeogenesis with the given parts a, b, c, and so on.

PyruvateAOxaloacetateBMalateCOxaloacetateDPhosphoenolpyruvate

Concept introduction:

The non-carbohydrate precursors are in the process of gluconeogenesis. It is the process of formation of glucose from these precursors. It is found in all animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and to some extent in the kidney cortex.

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Help filling in the blanks: The malate aspartate shuttle plays many roles in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Malate can be transferred into the cytosol and interconverted in one enzymatic step to produce [oxaloacetate/glucose/PEP/pyruvate] for use in the pathway of [glycolysis/gluconeogenesis]. A product of the urea cycle, derived from aspartate, can also be converted to malate in one enzymatic step and shuttled into the mitochondria so that the urea cycle product can be used in [fatty acid synthesis/the citric acid cycle/β-oxidation]. The amino group from aspartate can be transferred to [oxalacetate/malate/fumarate/pyruvate/a- ketoglutarate] to form glutamate, which is then transported into the mitochondria. In fact many amino acids are transaminated in this way to form glutamate in the cytosol. In this way, incoming amino acids from the bloodstream can be shuttled into the liver mitochondria as glutamate for conversion by glutamate dehydrogenase to [glutamate/a-ketoglutarate…
G. ENZYME CLASSIFICATION. Identify the main class of enzymes used to catalyzed the following reactions: 1. Lactate dehydrogenase: NADH+H NAD HC-OH CH3 CH Pynnte Lactate 2. Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase: CH CH SCOA CH,CH, SCOA coenzyme B12 COO COO methylmalonyl-CoA succinyl-CoA 3. Enolase: 0. H–Ċ–0–P–0- C-0–P-0- + H,0 HO–CH, CH 6 Phosphoenolpyruvate 2-Phosphoglycerate 4. Chymotrypsin: -0–CH,CH3 + H2O - RCOOH + HOCH,CH3 5. Pyruvate carboxylase: coo • co, • ATP + H,0 H-C-H . ADP + P, + 2H čoo CH, Pyruvate Oxaleacetate
Long explanations are not needed. Direct answers would suffice. ***kind of in hurry so having the answer asap would greatly be appreciated, thank you :))   a. The first step in the pay-off phase of glycolysis is the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.  i. True ii. False   b. Phosphofructokinase-1, the major flux-controlling enzyme of glycolysis is inhibited by _______. i. AMP ii. ATP iii. ADP iv. phosphoenol pyruvate
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