Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 16, Problem 22Q
To determine
The density of material within
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Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 31% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.33E11 kg/s, how long, in years, will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? Mass of the Sun is 2.0x1030 kg.
Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 35% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.2 *1011 kg/s, how long will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? The Sun’s mass is 2.0 * 1030 kg.
Use the provided equation of hydrostatic equilibrium to find a very rough estimate of the central pressure in the Sun.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1QCh. 16 - Prob. 2QCh. 16 - Prob. 3QCh. 16 - Prob. 4QCh. 16 - Prob. 5QCh. 16 - Prob. 6QCh. 16 - Prob. 7QCh. 16 - Prob. 8QCh. 16 - Prob. 9QCh. 16 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11QCh. 16 - Prob. 12QCh. 16 - Prob. 13QCh. 16 - Prob. 14QCh. 16 - Prob. 15QCh. 16 - Prob. 16QCh. 16 - Prob. 17QCh. 16 - Prob. 18QCh. 16 - Prob. 19QCh. 16 - Prob. 20QCh. 16 - Prob. 21QCh. 16 - Prob. 22QCh. 16 - Prob. 23QCh. 16 - Prob. 24QCh. 16 - Prob. 25QCh. 16 - Prob. 26QCh. 16 - Prob. 27QCh. 16 - Prob. 28QCh. 16 - Prob. 29QCh. 16 - Prob. 30QCh. 16 - Prob. 31QCh. 16 - Prob. 32QCh. 16 - Prob. 33QCh. 16 - Prob. 34QCh. 16 - Prob. 35QCh. 16 - Prob. 36QCh. 16 - Prob. 37QCh. 16 - Prob. 38QCh. 16 - Prob. 39QCh. 16 - Prob. 40QCh. 16 - Prob. 41QCh. 16 - Prob. 42QCh. 16 - Prob. 43QCh. 16 - Prob. 44QCh. 16 - Prob. 45QCh. 16 - Prob. 46QCh. 16 - Prob. 47QCh. 16 - Prob. 48QCh. 16 - Prob. 49QCh. 16 - Prob. 50QCh. 16 - Prob. 51QCh. 16 - Prob. 52QCh. 16 - Prob. 53QCh. 16 - Prob. 54QCh. 16 - Prob. 55QCh. 16 - Prob. 56QCh. 16 - Prob. 57QCh. 16 - Prob. 58QCh. 16 - Prob. 59QCh. 16 - Prob. 60Q
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- Why do you suppose so great a fraction of the Sun’s energy comes from its central regions? Within what fraction of the Sun’s radius does practically all of the Sun’s luminosity originate (see Figure 16.16)? Within what radius of the Sun has its original hydrogen been partially used up? Discuss what relationship the answers to these questions bear to one another. Figure 16.16 shows how the temperature, density, rate of energy generation, and composition vary from the center of the Sun to its surface.arrow_forwardShow that the statement that 92% of the Sun’s atoms are hydrogen is consistent with the statement that 73% of the Sun’s mass is made up of hydrogen, as found in Table 15.2. (Hint: Make the simplifying assumption, which is nearly correct, that the Sun is made up entirely of hydrogen and helium.)arrow_forwardHow would the interior temperature of the Sun be different if the strong force that binds nuclei together were 10 times as strong?arrow_forward
- How much mass would need to be converted to energy in one hour to provide the sun with 1.378x10^30 j? (Remember that 1 j = 1kg m^2 s-^2 give your answer to 2 sig figures you may assume that c=3.0x10^8 ms-^1arrow_forwardif the nuclear fusion reaction of converting 4 H → He occurs at anefficiency of 0.7%, and that mass is converted into energy accordingto the equation E = mc2, then estimate the Main Sequence lifetime of the Sun (spectral type G2)in years if the Sun (⊙) has a surface luminosity L⊙ = 3.839×1033erg. Assume the Sun’s core (10% of the total mass) is convertedfrom H into He. The Sun’s mass is M⊙ = 1.9891 × 1033 garrow_forwardAt what rate does the sun lose energy by radiation? The temperature of the sun is about 6000 K and its radius is 6.95 x 10 raised to 5 km.arrow_forward
- If the nuclear fusion reaction of converting 4 H → He occurs at an efficiency of 0.7%, and that mass is converted into energy according to the equation E = mc2, then estimate the Main Sequence lifetime of the Sun (spectral type G2) in years if the Sun (⊙) has a surface luminosity L⊙ = 3.839°ø1033 erg. Assume the Sun’s core (10% of the total mass) is converted from H into He. The Sun’s mass is M⊙ = 1.9891 °ø 1033 g.arrow_forwardNow suppose that all of the hydrogen atoms in the Sun were converted into helium. How much total energy would be produced? (To calculate the answer, you will have to estimate how many hydrogen atoms are in the Sun. This will give you good practice with scientific notation, since the numbers involved are very large! See Appendix C for a review of scientific notation.)arrow_forwardFrom the information in Figure 15.21, estimate the speed with which the particles in the CME in parts (c) and (d) are moving away from the Sun. Figure 15.21 Flare and Coronal Mass Ejection. This sequence of four images shows the evolution over time of a giant eruption on the Sun. (a) The event began at the location of a sunspot group, and (b) a flare is seen in far-ultraviolet light. (c) Fourteen hours later, a CME is seen blasting out into space. (d) Three hours later, this CME has expanded to form a giant cloud of particles escaping from the Sun and is beginning the journey out into the solar system. The white circle in (c) and (d) shows the diameter of the solar photosphere. The larger dark area shows where light from the Sun has been blocked out by a specially designed instrument to make it possible to see the faint emission from the corona. (credit a, b, c, d: modification of work by SOHO/EIT, SOHO/LASCO, SOHO/MDI (ESA & NASA))arrow_forward
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