Explanation Introduction: Sun is composed of gases-hydrogen and helium. Nuclear fusion reaction in its core powers the sun. Large amount of energy is emitted in the form of heat and light. The sun is present at the center of the solar system. It contains 99 % of the solar system’s mass. Corona is the outermost layer and extends in the solar system. The temperature of the corona is as high as two million degree Celsius

6th Edition

ISBN: 9781319115098

Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann

Publisher: W. H. Freeman

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Question

Chapter 16, Problem 37Q

To determine

The way astronomers know the temperature of the corona is so high.

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Chapter 16, Problem 36Q

Chapter 16, Problem 38Q

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Chapter 16 Solutions

Universe: Stars And Galaxies

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From the information in Figure 15.21, estimate the speed with which the particles in the CME in parts (c) and (d) are moving away from the Sun. Figure 15.21 Flare and Coronal Mass Ejection. This sequence of four images shows the evolution over time of a giant eruption on the Sun. (a) The event began at the location of a sunspot group, and (b) a flare is seen in far-ultraviolet light. (c) Fourteen hours later, a CME is seen blasting out into space. (d) Three hours later, this CME has expanded to form a giant cloud of particles escaping from the Sun and is beginning the journey out into the solar system. The white circle in (c) and (d) shows the diameter of the solar photosphere. The larger dark area shows where light from the Sun has been blocked out by a specially designed instrument to make it possible to see the faint emission from the corona. (credit a, b, c, d: modification of work by SOHO/EIT, SOHO/LASCO, SOHO/MDI (ESA & NASA))
Why would a flare be observed in visible light, when they are so much brighter in X-ray and ultraviolet light?
Make a sketch of the Sun’s atmosphere showing the locations of the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. What is the approximate temperature of each of these regions?

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