According to the managerial entrenchment theory, managers choose capital structure so as to preserve their control of the firm. On the one hand, debt is costly for managers because they risk losing control in the event of default. On the other hand, if they do not take advantage of the tax shield provided by debt, they risk losing control through a hostile takeover.
Suppose a firm expects to generate
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 16 Solutions
Corporate Finance (4th Edition) (Pearson Series in Finance) - Standalone book
Additional Business Textbook Solutions
Foundations Of Finance
Gitman: Principl Manageri Finance_15 (15th Edition) (What's New in Finance)
Foundations of Finance (9th Edition) (Pearson Series in Finance)
Principles of Managerial Finance (14th Edition) (Pearson Series in Finance)
Principles of Accounting Volume 2
Construction Accounting And Financial Management (4th Edition)
- Executives at XYZ Corporation realize that they have too much liquid assets. They want to use this cash to buy a company that has decent returns to maximize their asset utilization. They find two companies they can buy, and want to decide if they should acquire company A or Company B. The expected returns from both companies depending on the state of the economy are shown in the table below. Each state of the economy is equally likely to happen. State of the economy Return on company A(%) Return on company B (%) Worse than expected 7.3% -4.7% Expected 11.5% 5.4% Better than expected 16.6% 24.3% Calculate the expected rate of return, and standard deviation of each company. [Note: you are supposed to show every step of your calculation and interpret the result.] Critically evaluate the importance of the standard deviation factor in comparing investments. [Note: remember to use Harvard referencing to reference your sources]arrow_forwardWhich of the following would reduce a firm's WACC after tax? a. A firm invests in an average-risk project using equity, rather than debt financing. b. A supermarket chain decides to establish hardware stores which increases its systematic risk. c. A firm issues shares and uses the proceeds to pay off a bank loan. d. A firm issues bonds and uses the proceeds to repurchase stock. e. A firm significantly improves its operating cost control to boost profits.arrow_forwardYou are concerned about one of the assets in your fully diversified portfolio. You just have an uneasy feeling about the CFO, Ian Malcolm, of that particular firm. You do believe, however, that the firm makes a good product and that it is appropriately priced by the market. Should you be concerned about the effect on your portfolio if Malcolm embezzles a portion of the firm’s cash?arrow_forward
- Which is the best explanation of how dividends could convey information to investors that could affect the value of a firm? A. Promises to pay dividends limit the ability of managers to accumulate too much cash and to make unwise investments with that cash. B. Investors are skeptical when managers claim that prospects for the firm are bright, but by committing to paying a dividend, managers are adding credibility to their statements about the firm's future. C. Dividends are a more tax efficient way to generate returns for shareholders. D. By paying dividends consistently, investors will come to see dividend payments as less risky than capital gains. Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardSuppose you are valuing a healthy, growing, profitable firm and you project that the firm will generate negative free cash flows for equity shareholders in each of the next five years. Can you use a free-cash-flows-based valuation approach when cash flows are negative? If so, explain how a free-cash-flows approach can produce positive valuations of firms when they are expected to generate negative free cash flows over the next five years.arrow_forwardWhen a firm is deciding how much cash to distribute to stockholders, it should consider two things: (1) The overriding objective is to maximize shareholder value and (2) the firm's cash flows belong to shareholders, so income shouldn't be retained unless management can reinvest those earnings at higher rates of return than shareholders can earn themselves. The (capital budegeting, capital structure, and residual dividend)? model sets the dividend paid equal to net income minus the amount of retained earnings necessary to finance the firm's optimal capital budget. It can be expressed in equation format as: Dividends = Net income - [(Target equity ratio)(Total capital budget)] Because investment opportunities and earnings will vary from year to year, strict adherence to this model would result in fluctuating, unstable dividends. However, investors prefer stable, dependable dividends. Consequently, firms should use this model to help set their long-run target payout ratios, but not as a…arrow_forward
- Suppose managers of a firm know that the company is approaching financial distress. Should the managers borrow from creditors and issue a large one-time dividend to shareholders? How might creditors control this potential transfer of wealth?arrow_forwardCash-rich firms often make questionable acquisitions, rather than pay out the cash to shareholders. This: Is because diversification is too costly for individuals. Is because diversification eliminates inefficiencies. Is an example of the bootstrap game Is an example of an agency problemarrow_forwardExplain how capital adequacy requirements may affect a commercial bank’s dividend payout and growth potential. If the bank anticipates a decrease in its capital adequacy ratio (capital to total asset ratio), what options are available to prevent the decline? What risks, if any, are there in each strategy... Banks’ managers do not want to mmaintain much capital because they do not bear fully the costs of their failure. In addition to this reason others claim that banks’ managers do not want to maintain higher levels of capital because higher levels of capital attract greater scrutiny from bank regulators. Comment on this claim. The two most pressing demands for liquidity from a bank come from, first, customers withdrawing their deposits. Identify and discuss the second demand on the bank for liquidity.arrow_forward
- 1. Shareholders are impacted by the amount of debt a firm has. Explain why they are impacted. Then describe at least one reason more debt in the capital structure may benefit shareholders and one reason why more debt in the capital structure may harm shareholders. 2.Capital budgeting refers to the techniques to evaluate project and a firm undertake only those projects which add value to the firm and earn more than required rate of return of the investors. Thus, the change in capital structure affects the capital budgeting of a firm.arrow_forwardIf a company’s board of directors wants management to maximize shareholder wealth, should the CEO’s compensation be set as a fixed dollar amount, or should the compensation depend on how well the firm performs? If it is to be based on performance, how should performance is measured? Would it be easier to measure performance by the growth rate in reported profits or the growth rate in the stock’s intrinsic value? Which would be the better performance measure? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following makes this a true statement? In this slightly more realistic world with corporate taxes, managers can: Multiple Choice maximize the firm's value by taking on as much equity as possible. maximize the firm's value by taking on as much debt as possible. minimize the firm's value by taking on as much debt as possible. maximize the firm's value by financing only with debt.arrow_forward
- Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis...FinanceISBN:9781285190907Author:James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark BradshawPublisher:Cengage LearningEBK CONTEMPORARY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFinanceISBN:9781337514835Author:MOYERPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENTIntermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course...FinanceISBN:9781337395083Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. DavesPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Business/Professional Ethics Directors/Executives...AccountingISBN:9781337485913Author:BROOKSPublisher:Cengage