Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 4AL
Suppose that you carried out a U-tube experiment with two auxotrophs and discovered that recombination was not blocked by the filter but was stopped by treatment with deoxyribonuclease. What gene transfer process is responsible? Why would it be best to use double or triple auxotrophs in this experiment?
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Explain how the analysis of arginine auxotrophs implied that a single gene corresponds to a single enzyme.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply List three ways in which...Ch. 16.1 - Compare and contrast the means by which the...Ch. 16.1 - Give examples of intragenic and extragenic...Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Sometimes a point mutation...Ch. 16.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why might a missense...Ch. 16.2 - How would you screen for a tryptophan auxotroph?...Ch. 16.2 - Why is a small amount of histidine added to the...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe how replica...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why are mutant selection...Ch. 16.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly discuss how...
Ch. 16.2 - Describe how you would isolate a mutant that...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 16.3 - How is mismatch repair similar to DNA polymerase...Ch. 16.3 - How is damaged DNA recognized by the UvrAB...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What role does DNA...Ch. 16.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply When E. coli cells are...Ch. 16.3 - Explain how the following DNA alterations and...Ch. 16.4 - An antibiotic-resistance gene located on a...Ch. 16.4 - What four fates can DNA have after entering a...Ch. 16.4 - How does homologous recombination differ from...Ch. 16.5 - What features are common to all types of...Ch. 16.5 - How does a transposon differ from an insertion...Ch. 16.5 - What is simple (cut-and-paste) transposition? What...Ch. 16.5 - What effect would you expect the existence of...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 1MICh. 16.6 - What is bacterial conjugation and how was it...Ch. 16.6 - For F+, Hfr, and F strains of E. coli, indicate...Ch. 16.6 - Describe how F+ F and Hfr conjugation processes...Ch. 16.6 - Compare and contract F+ F and F F conjugation.Ch. 16.7 - According to this model, what would happen if DNA...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16.7 - Describe how transformation occurs in S....Ch. 16.7 - Discuss two ways in which artificial...Ch. 16.8 - Compare the number of transducing particles that...Ch. 16.8 - Why cant the gal and bio genes be transduced by...Ch. 16.8 - Describe generalized transduction and how it...Ch. 16.8 - What is specialized transduction and how does it...Ch. 16.8 - How might one tell whether horizontal gene...Ch. 16.8 - Why doesnt a cell lyse after successful...Ch. 16.8 - Describe how conjugation, transformation, and...Ch. 16.9 - As a replicative transposon, what would happen if...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1RCCh. 16 - Prob. 2RCCh. 16 - Prob. 3RCCh. 16 - Prob. 4RCCh. 16 - Prob. 5RCCh. 16 - Prob. 6RCCh. 16 - Mutations are often considered harmful. Give an...Ch. 16 - Mistakes made during transcription affect the cell...Ch. 16 - Suppose that transduction took place when a U-tube...Ch. 16 - Suppose that you carried out a U-tube experiment...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5ALCh. 16 - Prob. 6ALCh. 16 - Prob. 7AL
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- Prototrophy is often the phenotype selected to detecttransformants. Prototrophic cells are used for donorDNA extraction; then this DNA is cloned and the clonesare added to an auxotrophic recipient culture. Successfultransformants are identified by plating the recipientculture on minimal medium and looking for colonies.What experimental design would you use to make surethat a colony that you hope is a transformant is not, infact,a. a prototrophic cell that has entered the recipientculture as a contaminant?b. a revertant (mutation back to prototrophy by a secondmutation in the originally mutated gene) of theauxotrophic mutation?arrow_forwardWhat is “translocation”? Why it is essential for plants.arrow_forwardIn a gene mapping experiment, DNA from a prototrophic E. coli strain is transformed into an E. coli strain mutant (auxotrophic) for the genes gal, pro, and lac. Some resulting transformants were found to be auxotrophic only for pro, and some only for gal, but no lac- only auxotrophs were observed. Based upon these results, which gene is in the middle? a. gal b. lac c. pro d. cannot be determined c. the genes are not on the same chromosomearrow_forward
- What is an exconjugant? How do you think that exconjugants were obtained? (It might include genes not described in this problem.)arrow_forward1) Complementation occurs when auxotrophic organisms provide a wildtype allele that another auxotroph is lacking to produce a needed molecule for a chemical pathway. The wt allele can be passed on through horizontal gene flow, or the interaction of the auxotrophs during reproduction produces an offspring with a 'rescued' phenotype due to independent assortment returning favorable recombination of function alleles. If a researcher interacts four auxotrophs, and mutant -1 complements mutants -2, -3, and -4, and mutant -2 complements mutants -3 and -4, and mutant -3 complements -4, how many genes are indicated? a) Four genes! b) One gene with four alleles! c) Three genes with one allele. d)A complementation chart was not provided so I cannot answer this question. 2) An inheritance ratio of 12:3:4 is a sure indication of: a) Incomplete assortment. b) A dihybrid example of codominance. c) Dominant epistasis. d) Recessive epistasis.arrow_forwardInsert a specific stress-tolerant gene into a tissue cultured plant batch. What can be your possible approach? You may only give a flow chart to show your process.arrow_forward
- Describe direct selection and indirect selection of identifying mutants. What are auxotroph and prototroph?arrow_forwardWhy is the use of auxotrophy not a good method for controllingthe growth of a genetically modified organism?arrow_forwardTime mapping is performed in a cross involving the genes his, leu, mal, and xyl. The recipient cells were auxotrophic for all four genes. After 25 minutes, mating was interrupted with the following results in recipient cells. Diagram the positions of these genes relative to the origin (O) of the F factor and to one another. (a) 90% were xyl+ (b) 80% were mal+ (c) 20% were his+ (d) none were leu+arrow_forward
- Describe how genetic transfer can explain the growth of colonies on the middle plate.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the life cycle of the fungus Neurospora. The adult stage of the Neurospora is a multicellular haploid. b) Neurospora has an arginine amino acid synthesis pathway shown below. Suppose I take the strain above that only grows with arginine supplements and cross it to a different mutant Neurospora strain that grows with arginine and citrulline supplements but not with ornithine supplements. Assuming gens A, B, and C are unlinked and there is only one mutation per stain: What percentage of the progeny will grow on ornithine? What percentage on citrulline? What percentage on arginine?arrow_forwardIn the Hershey Chase experiment, why was the localization of radio-labeled phage of macromolecules in the cytoplasm the reason that the genetic material identity was proved.arrow_forward
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