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(a)
Interpretation:
The energy
Concept introduction:
Gibbs free energy gives the value of the maximum reversible amount of work done by system at a condition of constant temperature and pressure. It is a state function.
Helmholtz energy gives the value of the maximum amount of work done by system at a condition of constant volume. It is a state function.
(b)
Interpretation:
The energy
Concept introduction:
Internal energy is defined as the total energy contained in a system. Its absolute value cannot be measured directly. It is a state function.
Gibbs free energy gives the value of the maximum reversible amount of work done by system at a condition of constant temperature and pressure. It is a state function.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
- Why classical theory of lattice heat capacity gives same results at High and Low temperaturesarrow_forwardQ -A sample of argon of mass 6.56 g occupies 18.5 dm' at 305 K. (i) Calculate the work done when the gas expands isothemally against a constant external pressure of 7.7 kPa until its volume has increased by 2.5 dm. (ii) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansion occurred reversibly.arrow_forwardCalculate the vibrational, rotational, and translational contributions to the constant volume heat capacity (Cv) for 14N2 at 298 K. Assume this represents the high temperature limit for rotational energy and low temperature limit for vibrational energy. Given that Cv=20.81 J/K·mol for N2, state which type or types of energy contribute most to Cv for N2 and explain why those types of energy contribute most.arrow_forward
- Discuss the relation between the thermodynamic and statistical definitions of entropy.arrow_forwardEX/ A sample of argon (molar mass 39.9 g/mol') of mass 6.56 g occupies 18.5 dm at 305 K. (a) Calculate the work done when the gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 7.7 kPa until its volume has increased by 2.5 dm. (b) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansion occurred reversibly.arrow_forwardChemistry The first excited electronic energy level of the helium atom is 3.13 ✕ 10−18 J above the ground level. Estimate the temperature at which the electronic motion will begin to make a significant contribution to the heat capacity. That is, at what temperature will 5.0% of the population be in the first excited state?arrow_forward
- A sample of Ar of mass 8.30 g occupies 1.75dm3 at 330 K. (a) Calculate the work done when the gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 1 bar until itsvolume has increased by 0.35 dm3 (b) Calculate the work that would be done if thesame expansion occurred reversiblyarrow_forwardA sample of argon of mass 6.56 g occupies 18.5 dm3 at 305 K.(i) Calculate the work done when the gas expands isothermally against a constant external pressure of 7.7 kPa until its volume has increased by 2.5 dm3. (ii) Calculate the work that would be done if the same expansion occurred reversibly.arrow_forwardDefine Gibbs energy.arrow_forward
- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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