Chapter 17, Problem 17.39AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of benzoic acid has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

In chemistry Structure is the arrangement of chemical bonds between atoms in a molecule, specifically which atoms are chemically bonded to what other atoms with what kind of chemical bond.

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Benzoic acid: Benzoic acid is an organic compound with one $-COOH$ group attached to it replacing one hydrogen atom.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure major organic species formed when benzoic acid reacts with $NaOH$ until $pH=12$ has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Carboxylic acid salt: It is an ionic compound having a carboxylate acid anion and a cation. It is formed when a carboxylic acid and a strong base reacts giving water.

Salt of carboxylic acids are written as name of cation in prefix and base name with “-oate” suffix.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure major organic species formed when $HCl$ is added from $pH=12$ to $pH=2$ have to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acid: One $-OH$ group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as $RCOOH$

Carboxylic acid salt: It is an ionic compound having a carboxylate acid anion and a cation. It is formed when a carboxylic acid and a strong base reacts giving water.

When a carboxylic acid salt reacts with a strong acid the corresponding carboxylic acid and a salt is formed.