Four examples for beta-lactam antibiotics have to be drawn. The functional group in each beta-lactam antibiotic and the common feauture in all the four examples have to be identified. Concept introduction: Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it. Carboxylic acid: One − O H group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as R C O O H Ester: One − O R ' group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as R C O O R ' . The hydrogen atom of − C O O H is replaced by an alkyl group. Amide: One − N H 2 , − N H R ' or − N R ' 2 group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as R C O N R ' 2 . Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having atleast one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes. Ether: Ether is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by an oxygen atom. It is represented as R O R ' . Amines are the derivatives of ammonia ( N H 3 ) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group. Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form. Lactam: They are cyclic amides where the carbonyl carbon part of carboxylic acid group and nitrogen part of amine group of the same compound attached forming a ring. Beta-lactam is a membered ring with two carbon atoms.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 17, Problem 17.84GP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Four examples for beta-lactam antibiotics have to be drawn. The functional group in each beta-lactam antibiotic and the common feauture in all the four examples have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

Ester: One −OR' group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOR'. The hydrogen atom of −COOH is replaced by an alkyl group.

Amide: One −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCONR'2.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having atleast one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

Ether: Ether is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by an oxygen atom. It is represented as ROR'.

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Lactam: They are cyclic amides where the carbonyl carbon part of carboxylic acid group and nitrogen part of amine group of the same compound attached forming a ring. Beta-lactam is a membered ring with two carbon atoms.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 17, Problem 17.84GP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Four examples for beta-lactam antibiotics have to be drawn. The functional group in each beta-lactam antibiotic and the common feauture in all the four examples have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

Ester: One −OR' group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOR'. The hydrogen atom of −COOH is replaced by an alkyl group.

Amide: One −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCONR'2.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having atleast one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

Ether: Ether is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by an oxygen atom. It is represented as ROR'.

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Lactam: They are cyclic amides where the carbonyl carbon part of carboxylic acid group and nitrogen part of amine group of the same compound attached forming a ring. Beta-lactam is a membered ring with two carbon atoms.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 17, Problem 17.84GP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Four examples for beta-lactam antibiotics have to be drawn. The functional group in each beta-lactam antibiotic and the common feauture in all the four examples have to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Functional group: They are certain substitutes in the organic molecules which are determine the characteristic reactions taking place in it.

Carboxylic acid: One −OH group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOH

Ester: One −OR' group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCOOR'. The hydrogen atom of −COOH is replaced by an alkyl group.

Amide: One −NH2, −NHR' or −NR'2 group is attached to the carbonyl carbon atom of the compound. It is represented as RCONR'2.

Alkene: Unsaturated hydrocarbons having atleast one double bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

Ether: Ether is a group of organic compound where two aryl or alkyl groups are connected by an oxygen atom. It is represented as ROR'.

Amines are the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) with one or more of the hydrogens replaced with a substituent such as an alkyl group.

Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.

Lactam: They are cyclic amides where the carbonyl carbon part of carboxylic acid group and nitrogen part of amine group of the same compound attached forming a ring. Beta-lactam is a membered ring with two carbon atoms.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 17, Problem 17.84GP

Interpretation Introduction