Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are polluting gases contained in automobile exhaust. Under suitable conditions, these gases can be made to react to form nitrogen (N2) and the less harmful carbon dioxide (CO2). (a) Write an equation for this reaction. (b) Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents. (c) Calculate the KP for the reaction at 25°C. (d) Under normal atmospheric conditions, the partial pressures are
(a)
Interpretation:
The equation has to be determined given carbon monoxide and nitric oxide atmospheric reactions.
Explanation of Solution
The atmospheric equilibrium reaction of given the different terms of process (a) is shown below.
The equal mole ratio of carbon monoxide
(b)
Interpretation:
The oxidizing and reducing agent has to be identified given atmospheric reactions.
Concept Introduction:
An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation by accepting electron. The oxidizing agent is reduced.
A reducing agent is a substance that causes reduction by donating electrons. The reducing agent is oxidized.
Explanation of Solution
The atmospheric equilibrium reaction is,
Given statement (b) nitric oxide (
Examination above reaction clearly shows that
The
(c)
Interpretation:
The equilibrium pressure
Concept Introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Explanation of Solution
The atmospheric reaction fallow as,
(d)
Interpretation:
Given equilibrium reaction, the
Concept Introduction:
Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Where,
Reaction quotient: This type of chemical equilibrium reaction proceeds likely to produced, given either the pressure (or) the concentration of the reactants and the products. The value can be compared to the equilibrium constant, to determine the direction of the reaction that is take place. Then reaction quotient (Qc) the indication of Q can be used to determine which direction will shift to reach of chemical equilibrium process.
Explanation of Solution
The
(e)
Interpretation:
The raising temperatures favor the formation of
Concept Introduction:
Standard enthalpy: is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work. The free energy is represented by the letter
Where,
Explanation of Solution
Let us consider a statement (e).
Since
No, the formation of
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Chemistry
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