Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 17.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason has to be given for the equilibrium constant (K) remaining constant even though equilibrium shifts towards right when reactant concentration increases.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier principle states that, whenever a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will undergo reactions and try to cancel that effect and retain equilibrium. Here the disturbance means change in concentration of any of the component, change in temperature, pressure or volume.

At equilibrium rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction. So concentration of reactant and products are constant at equilibrium.

Consider a reaction, a moles of A gives b moles of B as follows,

a A  b B

At equilibrium, rate of formation of B will be equal to rate of decomposition of A. So, rate can be written as follows,

kfwd[A]eqa = krev[B]eqb

Where,

    kfwd = rate of forward reactionkrev  = rate of backward reaction[A]eq= equilibrium concentration of A[B]eq = equilibrium concentration of B   a    = stoichiometric co-efficient of A   b    = stoichiometric co-efficient of A

On rearranging the ratio of rate constant becomes equal to ratio of concentration which is equal to a constant called equilibrium constant K.

Equilibrium constant K can be written as follows,

K = kfwdkrev = [B]eqb[A]eqa

So equilibrium constant K can be defined as the ratio of equilibrium concentration of products to reactants at a particular temperature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason has to be given for the equilibrium constant (K) remaining constant even though equilibrium shifts towards fewer moles of gas when volume is decreased.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier principle states that, whenever a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will undergo reactions and try to cancel that effect and retain equilibrium. Here the disturbance means change in concentration of any of the component, change in temperature, pressure or volume.

At equilibrium rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction. So concentration of reactant and products are constant at equilibrium.

Consider a reaction, a moles of A gives b moles of B as follows,

a A  b B

At equilibrium, rate of formation of B will be equal to rate of decomposition of A. So, rate can be written as follows,

kfwd[A]eqa = krev[B]eqb

Where,

    kfwd = rate of forward reactionkrev  = rate of backward reaction[A]eq= equilibrium concentration of A[B]eq = equilibrium concentration of B   a    = stoichiometric co-efficient of A   b    = stoichiometric co-efficient of A

On rearranging the ratio of rate constant becomes equal to ratio of concentration which is equal to a constant called equilibrium constant K.

Equilibrium constant K can be written as follows,

K = kfwdkrev = [B]eqb[A]eqa

So equilibrium constant K can be defined as the ratio of equilibrium concentration of product to reactant at a particular temperature.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason has to be given for the shift of equilibrium towards backward direction during exothermic reaction and change in equilibrium constant (K) in this reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier principle states that, whenever a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will undergo reactions and try to cancel that effect and retain equilibrium. Here the disturbance means change in concentration of any of the component, change in temperature, pressure or volume.

During exothermic reaction energy is released. That is ΔH value will be negative. Decrease in temperature favors forward reaction for exothermic processes.

Equilibrium constant K can be written as follows,

K = kfwdkrev

Where,

    kfwd = rate of forward reactionkrev  = rate of backward reaction

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason has to be given for the increase in equilibrium constant when temperature is increased in an endothermic reaction.

Concept Introduction:

Le Chatelier principle states that, whenever a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will undergo reactions and try to cancel that effect and retain equilibrium. Here the disturbance means change in concentration of any of the component, change in temperature, pressure or volume.

During endothermic reaction heat energy is absorbed. That is ΔH value will be positive. Increase in temperature favors forward reaction for endothermic processes.

The equilibrium constant can be written as follows,

K=[product][reactant]

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Chapter 17 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 17.6AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.6BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.7AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.7BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.8AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.8BFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.9AFPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 17.9BFPCh. 17.5 - An inorganic chemist studying the reactions of...Ch. 17.5 - A chemist studying the production of nitrogen...Ch. 17.6 - In a study of glass etching, a chemist examines...Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 17.11BFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.12AFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.12BFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.13AFPCh. 17.6 - Should T be increased or decreased to yield more...Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 17.14AFPCh. 17.6 - Prob. 17.14BFPCh. 17.6 - Many metabolites are products in branched...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1PCh. 17 - When a chemical company employs a new reaction to...Ch. 17 - If there is no change in concentrations, why is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.5PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.6PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.7PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.8PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.9PCh. 17 - Does Q for the formation of 1 mol of NO from its...Ch. 17 - Does Q for the formation of 1 mol of NH3 from H2...Ch. 17 - Balance each reaction and write its reaction...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.13PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.14PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.15PCh. 17 - At a particular temperature, Kc = 1.6×10−2...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.17PCh. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Balance each of the following examples of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.22PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.23PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.24PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.25PCh. 17 - When are Kc and Kp equal, and when are they not? Ch. 17 - A certain reaction at equilibrium has more moles...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.28PCh. 17 - Determine Δngas for each of the following...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.30PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.31PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.32PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.33PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.34PCh. 17 - The following molecular scenes depict the aqueous...Ch. 17 - At 425°C, Kp = 4.18 × 10−9 for the...Ch. 17 - At 100°C, Kp = 60.6 for the reaction 2NOBr(g) ⇌...Ch. 17 - The water-gas shift reaction plays a central role...Ch. 17 - In the 1980s, CFC-11 was one of the most heavily...Ch. 17 - For a problem involving the catalyzed reaction of...Ch. 17 - What is the basis of the approximation that avoids...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.42PCh. 17 - Gaseous ammonia was introduced into a sealed...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.44PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.45PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.46PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.47PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.48PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.49PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.50PCh. 17 - Nitrogen dioxide decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - Compound A decomposes according to the...Ch. 17 - In an analysis of interhalogen reactivity, 0.500...Ch. 17 - A toxicologist studying mustard gas, S(CH2CH2Cl)2,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.56PCh. 17 - A key step in the extraction of iron from its ore...Ch. 17 - What does “disturbance” mean in Le Châtelier’s...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.59PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.60PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.61PCh. 17 - Le Châtelier’s principle is related ultimately to...Ch. 17 - An equilibrium mixture of two solids and a gas, in...Ch. 17 - Consider this equilibrium system: CO(g) + Fe3O4(s)...Ch. 17 - Sodium bicarbonate undergoes thermal decomposition...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.66PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.67PCh. 17 - Predict the effect of decreasing the container...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.69PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.70PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.71PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.72PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.73PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.74PCh. 17 - The formation of methanol is important to the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.76PCh. 17 - The oxidation of SO2 is the key step in H2SO4...Ch. 17 - A mixture of 3.00 volumes of H2 and 1.00 volume of...Ch. 17 - You are a member of a research team of chemists...Ch. 17 - For the following equilibrium system, which of the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.81PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.82PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.83PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.84PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.85PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.86PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.87PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.88PCh. 17 - When 0.100 mol of CaCO3(s) and 0.100 mol of CaO(s)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.90PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.91PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.92PCh. 17 - Highly toxic disulfur decafluoride decomposes by a...Ch. 17 - A study of the water-gas shift reaction (see...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.95PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.96PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.97PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.98PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.99PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.100PCh. 17 - The molecular scenes below depict the reaction Y ⇌...Ch. 17 - For the equilibrium H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g) Kc =...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.103PCh. 17 - Prob. 17.104PCh. 17 - The kinetics and equilibrium of the decomposition...Ch. 17 - Isopentyl alcohol reacts with pure acetic acid to...Ch. 17 - Isomers Q (blue) and R (yellow) interconvert. They...Ch. 17 - Glauber’s salt, Na2SO4·10H2O, was used by J. R....Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.109PCh. 17 - Synthetic diamonds are made under conditions of...
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