General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 17, Problem 17.72QP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The concentration of sodium hydroxide has to be determined using the given data.

Concept introduction:

Molarity is defined as strength of substance in terms of amount of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of solution.

The molarity of HNO2 and NaOH

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 17.72QP

The concentration of  sodium hydroxide is 1.28M

Explanation of Solution

Given,

  StrengthofHNO2is2.00M

HNO2(aq)     H+(aq)  +  NO2-(aq)          Initial concentration(M):         2.00                        0                     0Change in concentration(M):         -x                         +x                   +x     Equilibrium concentration(M):    2.00-x                     x                     xKa=[H+][NO2-][HNO2]4.5×10-4=x22.00-xx22.00x = [H+] = 0.030MpH = -log(0.030) = 1.52

The pH after addition of sodium hydroxide is 1.5 times greater

  pH=1.52+1.50=3.02[H+]= 10-pH = 10-3.02 = 9.55×10-4MAfteraddition ofNaOH,2.00MHNO2getdilutedMiVi = MfVf                      (2.00M)(400 mL) = Mf(600 mL)                                             Mf = 1.33M

The pH of nitrous acid is calculated using acid dissociation constant (Ka).  From the pH, the molarity of nitrous acid after addition of sodium hydroxide is calculated.

Now we have buffer solution and not reached the equivalence point.

HNO2(aq)+NaOH(aq)   NaNO2(aq)+H2O(l)

Because the nitrous acid and sodium hydroxide are in same ratio, the reduction in concentration of nitrous acid is same as sodium hydroxide.

  HNO2(aq)      H+(aq)   +     NO2-(aq)       Initial concentration(M):  1.33                        0                         0Change in concentration(M):   -x                                                  +x Equilibrium concentration(M):   1.33-x           9.55×10-4                xKa=[H+][NO2-][HNO2]4.5×10-4=(9.55×10-4)(x)1.33-xx = 0.426M

After dilution to 600mL the concentration of sodium hydroxide is same as decrease in concentration of nitrous acid.  The concentration of NaOH has to calculate for 600mL

  MiVi = MfVfMi(200 mL) = (0.426M)(600 mL)[NaOH] = Mi = 1.28M

The concentration of nitrous acid is calculated using acid dissociation constant expression.  After dilution to 600mL the concentration of sodium hydroxide is same as decrease in concentration of nitrous acid.  The concentration of NaOH is calculated for 600mL

Conclusion

The concentration of sodium hydroxide was determined using the given data.

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Chapter 17 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 2PECh. 17.5 - Prob. 3PECh. 17.6 - Prob. 1PECh. 17.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 17.7 - Prob. 1PECh. 17.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 17 - Prob. 17.1QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.2QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.3QPCh. 17 - 17.4 The pKbs for the bases X−, Y−, and Z− are...Ch. 17 - 17.5 Specify which of these systems can be...Ch. 17 - 17.6 Specify which of these systems can be...Ch. 17 - 17.7 The pH of a bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.8QPCh. 17 - 17.9 Calculate the pH of the buffer system 0.15 M...Ch. 17 - 17.10 What is the pH of the buffer 0.10 M...Ch. 17 - 17.11 The pH of a sodium acetate–acetic acid...Ch. 17 - 17.12 The pH of blood plasma is 7.40. Assuming the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.13QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.14QPCh. 17 - 17.16 A student wishes to prepare a buffer...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.17QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.18QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.19QPCh. 17 - 17.20 A 5.00-g quantity of a diprotic acid is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.21QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.22QPCh. 17 - 17.23 The diagrams shown here represent solutions...Ch. 17 - 16.38 The diagrams shown here represent solutions...Ch. 17 - 17.25 Explain how an acid-base indicator works in...Ch. 17 - 17.26 What are the criteria for choosing an...Ch. 17 - 17.27 The amount of indicator used in an acid-base...Ch. 17 - 17.28 A student carried out an acid-base titration...Ch. 17 - 17.29 Referring to Table 17.1, specify which...Ch. 17 - 17.30 The ionization constant Ka of an indicator...Ch. 17 - 17.31 Define solubility, molar solubility, and...Ch. 17 - 17.32 Why do we usually not quote the Ksp values...Ch. 17 - 17.33 Write balanced equations and solubility...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.34QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.35QPCh. 17 - 17.36 Silver chloride has a larger Ksp than silver...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.38QPCh. 17 - 17.39 The molar solubility of MnCO3 is 4.2 × 10−6...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.40QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.41QPCh. 17 - 17.42 Using data from Table 17.2, calculate the...Ch. 17 - 17.43 What is the pH of a saturated zinc hydroxide...Ch. 17 - 17.44 The pH of a saturated solution of a metal...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.45QPCh. 17 - 17.46 A volume of 75 mL of 0.060 M NaF is mixed...Ch. 17 - 17.47 How does a common ion affect solubility? Use...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.48QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.49QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.50QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.51QPCh. 17 - 17.52 Calculate the molar solubility of BaSO4 (a)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.55QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.56QPCh. 17 - 17.57 If 2.50 g of CuSO4 are dissolved in 9.0 ×...Ch. 17 - 17.58 Calculate the concentrations of Cd2+, , and...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.59QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.60QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.61QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.62QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.63QPCh. 17 - 16.88 In a group 1 analysis, a student adds HCl...Ch. 17 - 17.65 Both KCl and NH4Cl are white solids. Suggest...Ch. 17 - 17.66 Describe a simple test that would enable you...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.67QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.68QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.69QPCh. 17 - 17.70 The pKa of the indicator methyl orange is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.71QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.72QPCh. 17 - 17.73 The two curves shown here represent the...Ch. 17 - 17.74 The two curves shown here represent the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.75QPCh. 17 - 17.76 A solution is made by mixing exactly 500 mL...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.77QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.78QPCh. 17 - 17.79 For which of these reactions is the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.80QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.81QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.82QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.83QPCh. 17 - 17.84 Find the approximate pH range suitable for...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.85QPCh. 17 - 17.86 Which of these substances will be more...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.87QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.88QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.89QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.90QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.91QPCh. 17 - 17.92 When a KI solution was added to a solution...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.93QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.94QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.95QPCh. 17 - 17.96 Solid NaI is slowly added to a solution that...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.97QPCh. 17 - 17.98 (a) Assuming complete dissociation and no...Ch. 17 - 17.99 Acid-base reactions usually go to...Ch. 17 - 17.100 Calculate x, the number of molecules of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.101QPCh. 17 - 17.102 What reagents would you employ to separate...Ch. 17 - 17.103 CaSO4 (Ksp = 2.4 × 10−5) has a larger Ksp...Ch. 17 - 17.104 How many milliliters of 1.0 M NaOH must be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.105QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.106QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.107QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.108QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.109QPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.111SPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.112SPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.113SPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.114SPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.115SPCh. 17 - Prob. 17.116SPCh. 17 - 17.117 The titration curve shown here represents...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.118SP
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