BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264104680
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 17, Problem 2COQ
When examining a human pedigree, what patterns do you look for to distinguish between X-linked recessive inheritance and autosomal recessive inheritance? How would you distinguish X- linked dominant inheritance from autosomal dominant inheritance from an analysis of a human pedigree?
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Regarding Mendelian inheritance in diploid individuals,
(Read each statement carefully. Select all of the statements below that are true (that
you agree with). Leave any statements that are false (that you do not agree with) un-
selected.)
a diploid individual receives two copies of every autosome from the previous
generation.
for every autosomal gene inherited by an individual, both copies can come from
one parent.
a diploid individual gives two copies of every autosome to a child in the next
generation.
to be diploid means that two independent genes are specified in the individual's
genotype.
How is pedigree analysis used to determine whether a trait is inherited in an autosomal-dominant, autosomal-recessive, or X-linked pattern?
Red-green color blindness is inherited as an X-linked recessive (Xc). If a color-blind man marries a woman who is heterozygous for normal vision, what would be the expected phenotypes of their children with reference to this character? In your answer, specify in your phenotype descriptions the gender of the children. (For example, don’t just say 75% of the children would be colorblind – you would instead say 100 % of the daughters would be colorblind and 50% of the sons would be colorblind. Note that this is not a correct answer; it is just to give you an idea of how to explain the correct phenotypes of the cross.)___
Chapter 17 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 17.1 - Mendels Laws of Inheritance Concept Check: What...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 17.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 17.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 1EQCh. 17.4 - Prob. 2EQCh. 17.4 - Prob. 3EQCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 17.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17 - Prob. 1TYCh. 17 - During which phase of nuclear division does the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3TYCh. 17 - Which of Mendels laws cannot be observed in a...Ch. 17 - During a __________blank, an individual with the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYCh. 17 - Prob. 7TYCh. 17 - A hypothetical flowering plant species produces...Ch. 17 - Genes located on a sex chromosome are said to be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10TYCh. 17 - Prob. 1CQCh. 17 - A cross is made between individuals having the...Ch. 17 - Core Concept: Systems We can view life as a...Ch. 17 - Discuss the principles of the chromosome theory of...Ch. 17 - When examining a human pedigree, what patterns do...
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- Consider the two very limited unrelated pedigrees shown here. Of the four combinations of X-linked recessive, Xlinked dominant, autosomal recessive, and autosomal dominant, which modes of inheritance can be ruled out in each case? (a) (b) II 1arrow_forwardLook at the pedigree below and answer the following questions related to the human genetic trait depicted in this pedigree. 1. Indicate whether the pattern of inheritance associated with this human trait is most likely to be (i) rare X-linked recessive, (ii) sex-influenced, or (iii) sex-limited. You may assume that the gene is fully penetrant. Then, provide a specific reason that justifies your selection of this pattern of inheritance as the correct one, and also explain why each of the other two alternatives are not correct. As part of your answer, include the phenotypic ratio, including the sex of the offspring, that you would expect to find in each of the three possible scenarios.arrow_forwardDoes the phenotype indicated by the red circles and squares in this pedigree show an inheritance pattern that is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked?arrow_forward
- The following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forward
- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?arrow_forwardWhat is the most likely pattern of inheritance for this disorder? (Is it autosomal dominant? Autosomal recessive? X-linked dominant? X-linked recessive? Y-linked? Mitochondrial?) Please include two specific pieces of evidence, present within the pedigree, that indicate that this pattern is most likely, as opposed to any other potential pattern. You may assume that the gene responsible for the trait is fully penetrant.arrow_forwardWhat is the pattern of inheritance? Please Provide a specific reason that justifies your selection of this pattern of inheritance as the correct one, and also explain why each of the other two alternatives are not correct. As part of your answer, you must include the phenotypic ratio, including the sex of the offspring, that you would expect to find in each of the three possible scenarios. Please specify whether this pattren of inheritance is (i) rare X-linked recessive, (ii) sex-influenced, or (iii) sex-limited.arrow_forward
- Hemophilia is caused by an X-linked recessive mutation in humans. If a man whose paternal uncle (father's brother) was a hemophiliac marries a woman whose brother is also a hemophiliac, what is the probability that their first child will have hemophilia? (Assume that no other cases of hemophilia exist in the pedigree.) 1/3 0 1/8 0 1/4 1/2arrow_forwardEctrodactyly is a rare condition in which the fingers are absent and the hand is split. This condition is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Ademar Freire-Maia reported the appearance of ectrodactyly in a family in São Paulo, Brazil, whose pedigree is shown here. Is this pedigree consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance? If not, what mode of inheritance is most likely? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardWhat genetic criteria distinguish a case of extranuclear inheritance from (a) a case of Mendelian autosomal inheritance; (b) a case of X-linked inheritance?arrow_forward
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