Microbiology: A Systems Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259706615
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 17, Problem 2CTQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether a highly specific or highly sensitive diagnostic test should be preferred in the middle of a measles outbreak.
Concept introduction:
“Specificity and sensitivity” are two statistical measures to determine the efficiency of a binary classification test. This test is used to identify whether an individual has a disease or not.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Scenario: In a rural community, a primary health care nurse is conducting a door-to-door vaccination campaign to address a recent outbreak of measles. The nurse notices that many parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children due to misinformation. The nurse decides to organize an educational seminar to address these concerns. What approach should the nurse take to effectively communicate the importance of vaccination?
Options:
A) Use complex medical terms to explain the effectiveness of vaccines.
B) Distribute printed materials without engaging in direct conversation.
C) Employ a culturally sensitive communication strategy, using simple language and visual aids.
D) Recommend vaccination without providing any rationale.
It used to be that our only method of creating vaccines was to use dead or weakened pathogens. That is no longer the case - what are some newer options that are available to researchers?
In a recent influenza epidemic, physicians were utilizing a rapid diagnostic test to determine which patients were infected with influenza type A, type B, or not infected with influenza virus. Such a test was not available in the massive 1918 outbreak that killed millions of people around the globe. How might the availability of such a test have impacted that outbreak, and why?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 17.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 17.1 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 17.1 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 17.2 - Summarize the most common methods used for direct...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 17.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 17.3 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 17.3 - Differentiate between sensitivity and specificity.Ch. 17.3 - Explain how fluorescent antibodies can be used in...
Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 17.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 17.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 17.3 - Explain the difference between a direct and an...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 17.4 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 17.4 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 17.5 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 17.5 - List the major advantages of microarray methods of...Ch. 17.5 - Summarize the benefits of using whole-genome...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 17 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 17 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 17 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 17 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 17 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 17 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 17 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 17 - The Western blot test can be used to identify a....Ch. 17 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 17 - True-False Questions. If the statement is true,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12TFCh. 17 - Prob. 13TFCh. 17 - Prob. 14TFCh. 17 - Prob. 15TFCh. 17 - Explain why specimens should be taken aseptically,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 17 - Explain which type of ELISA can be used to...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 17 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 17 - Prob. 1VCCh. 17 - From this chapter, figure 17.14. Can you explain...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1CM
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A government official interested in determining the number of infants affected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has approached your hospital to participate in a statewide funded study. The protocol will include the testing of all newborns for HIV, but the mothers will not be told that the test is being done, nor will they be told the results? Using the basic ethical principles (available in the resources file), defend or refute the practice. How will the findings of the proposed study be affected if the protocol is carried out?arrow_forwardEach year the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publish a schedule of recommended vaccinations for infants, children, adolescents, and adults. Parents may refuse recommended vaccinations for their infant, child, or adolescent based on religious or philosophical beliefs or fears regarding the safety of vaccines. What ethical principles need to be considered when dealing with patients and their families who refuse recommended vaccines? How would you approach a parent who refuses the recommended vaccines for their 2-month old infant due to the fear that vaccines can cause autism?arrow_forwardThe World Health Organization has announced the complete eradication of smallpox and is working to the eradication of measles and polio. Why would vaccination be more likely to eradicate a viral disease than a bacterial disease? Why can polio be eradicated but not influenza? Give reference.arrow_forward
- Suppose you are designing a study to determine whether a vaccine is effective. You recruit volunteers and then assign them into two groups. Which of the following is a better way to determine if the vaccine works in a wide variety of people? (a) Recruit people from a variety of backgrounds: different ethnicities, ages, sexes, etc... and then randomly form two groups. (b) Recruit people for the study who are very similar to one another, such as married nonsmoker female nurses in their forties who don't drink with no health problems and good incomes, then randomly form two groupsarrow_forwardWhat part of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a potential target site for a vaccine? Explain your reasoning; include in your discussion the following terms: antigen, epitope, and antibody.arrow_forwardDo you think it is important in a clinical trial to have Moderna vaccine and placebo be similar? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Even though the oral polio vaccine is not used in the developed world, it is still widely used in the developing world, in part because it confers what might be called “accidental” herd immunity. Can you speculate on what this is?arrow_forwardTwo newly developed vaccine candidates (A and B) are tested in mice for their ability to elicit high concentrations of anti-meningococcal antibodies that would provide mucosal as well as bloodstream protection. Also, the ideal candidate vaccine should also provide long-lasting immunity to the infection. The figure below shows the responses to a primary, followed by a secondary immunization to each of the two candidate vaccines. a) Which candidate vaccine elicits the preferred response? What are the three aspects of the preferred response that make it the candidate vaccine of choice? b) What is the likely composition of each vaccine and what evidence from the information above are used to lead to your conclusions? c) To confirm the choice of the preferred candidate vaccine, what type of additional information from the vaccine trials in mice shown above would support this conclusion? Name two additional features of the secondary antibody response to each candidate vaccine that could be…arrow_forwardDespite the concerns over vaccine-related side effects, vaccination programs have been relatively successful in eradicating many types of infectious diseases including smallpox, polio, and measles. Explain how this statement indicates that the vaccines developed are effective and have low risk of adverse effects to the recipients including infants, children, immunocompromised individual as well as older adults.arrow_forward
- Which set of facts is true for vaccines? They produce active immunity.They are mostly targeted against bacteria. They produce active immunity.They are mostly targeted against viruses. They produce passive immunity.They are mostly targeted against viruses. They produce passive immunity.They are mostly targeted against bacteria. detail explanation neededarrow_forwardExplain why a different influenza vaccine is necessary every year. How is this different from the development of pandemic versions? Please include in your answer the terms antigenic shift and antigenic drift.arrow_forwardMadison Tavistock, a healthy 2-year-old living in Cincinnati, had attended the Wee Folks Daycare Facility for a year. Her parents joined an anti-vaccination group when she was 9 months old, 3 months before the recommended immunization schedule for the MMR vaccine, but after Madison had already been vaccinated with DTP. They strongly believe that the unsubstantiated risk of autism reported for MMR vaccination outweighs the benefits, and consequently have opted not to have their daughter immunized. The best explanation for why Madison has not contracted measles even though she has regular contact with other children in a large city is that _____. a. Madison is tolerant to measles antigens. b. The measles virus may have infected Madison but is dormant. c. The DTP vaccine provides cross-protective immunity against measles. d. The other children in the daycare center have been vaccinated and she has herd immunity. e. The attenuated measles virus in the MMR vaccine received by…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...
Nursing
ISBN:9781305964792
Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Epidemiological Studies - made easy!; Author: Let's Learn Public Health;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jd3gFT0-C4s;License: Standard Youtube License