(a)
Case summary:
A multinational company named as Universal auto which was headquartered in the US. For accounting purpose, it has 2 segments
- Production of the motor vehicle
- Information processing services
Production of a motor vehicle is a larger vertical of Universal auto which produces cars as well as trucks for the US and for other countries. Nevertheless, it has weak operation results over the years including the current year.
Whereas Information processing service vertical is started 15 years ago, this vertical has steady growth.
Research report indicates that Universal can increase its price of passenger cars which can improve its profitability.
The character in this case:
Universal auto, First segment of production of the motor vehicle, Second segment of information processing service
To construct:
- Industrial life cycle
- Identify in which phase of the segments are
- Product pricing strategy for the segment
Introduction:
The life cycle of industrial has four-phases:
- Conception
- Growth
- Maturity
- Decline.
Duration of each phase varies with the respective industry. But this theory is different for manufacturing of goods and service, specifically for internet communications technology
(b)
Case summary:
A multinational company named as Universal auto which was headquartered in the US. For accounting purpose, it has 2 segments
- Production of the motor vehicle
- Information processing services
Production of a motor vehicle is a larger vertical of Universal auto which produces cars as well as trucks for the US and for other countries. Nevertheless, it has weak operation results over the years including the current year.
Whereas Information processing service vertical is started 15 years ago, this vertical has steady growth.
Research report indicates that Universal can increase its price of passenger cars which can improve its profitability.
The character in this case:
Universal auto, First segment of production of the motor vehicle, Second segment of information processing service
To construct:
- Industrial life cycle
- Identify in which phase of the segments are
- Product pricing strategy for the segment
Introduction:
The life cycle of industrial has four-phases:
- Conception
- Growth
- Maturity
- Decline.
Duration of each phase varies with the respective industry. But this theory is different for manufacturing of goods and service, specifically for internet communications technology
(c)
Case summary:
A multinational company named as Universal auto which was headquartered in the US. For accounting purpose, it has 2 segments
- Production of the motor vehicle
- Information processing services
Production of a motor vehicle is a larger vertical of Universal auto which produces cars as well as trucks for the US and for other countries. Nevertheless, it has weak operation results over the years including the current year.
Whereas Information processing service vertical is started 15 years ago, this vertical has steady growth.
Research report indicates that Universal can increase its price of passenger cars which can improve its profitability.
The character in this case:
Universal auto, First segment of production of the motor vehicle, Second segment of information processing service
To construct:
- Industrial life cycle
- Identify in which phase of the segments are
- Product pricing strategy for the segment
Introduction:
The life cycle of industrial has four-phases:
- Conception
- Growth
- Maturity
- Decline.
Duration of each phase varies with the respective industry. But this theory is different for manufacturing of goods and service, specifically for internet communications technology
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EBK INVESTMENTS
- The Mega Supply Corporation has three divisions: Commercial Products, Consumer Products, and Corporate Offices, which are located in Hatfield, South Carolina; Palo Alto, California; and Tulsa, Oklahoma, respectively. The Commercial Products division deals exclusively in sales of industrial products and supplies to business organizations. The Consumer Products division sells nonindustrial products to private consumers. Both divisions have dedicated inventory warehouses at their respective locations in Hatfield and Palo Alto. Because of the dissimilar nature of the commercial and consumer division product lines, they do not share customers or vendors. Currently Mega Supply uses a centralized database, which is located at their Corporate Division in Tulsa. Some relevant database tables and attributes are presented in the figure designated Problem 1. When customers contact their respective sales division, the sales clerk logs into the corporate database, checks credit, determines product availability, and creates a sales invoice. The corporate office typically bills the customer within 3 or 4 days and extends terms of net 30. Inventory control, AR processing, cash receipts, purchases from vendors and AP processing, and cash disbursements are performed by the corporate office. Due to Megas rapid growth, the company has seen a significant increase in sales and purchase transactions, which has resulted in excessive delays in processing transactions from the central database. Since customer service, including rapid response to customer inquiries and sales order processing, is a cornerstone of Megas business model, these delays are unacceptable. Required Mega wants to improve response time by distributing some parts of the corporate database while keeping other parts of it centralized. (A) Develop a schema for distributing Mega Supply Corporations database. Add new tables and attributes as needed but limit the schema to the tables needed to support sales, cash receipts, purchases/AP, and cash disbursements. In your schema, indicate whether tables are centralized, replicated, or partitioned. (B) Explain how the new system will operate.arrow_forwardPosavek is a wholesale supplier of building supplies building contractors, hardware stores, and home-improvement centers in the Boston metropolitan area. Over the years, Posavek has expanded its operations to serve customers across the nation and now employs over 200 people as technical representatives, buyers, warehouse workers, and sales and office staff. Most recently, Posavek has experienced fierce competition from the large online discount stores. In addition, the company is suffering from operational inefficiencies related to its archaic information system. Posavek revenue cycle procedures are described in the following paragraphs. Revenue Cycle Posaveks sales department representatives receive orders via traditional mail, e-mail, telephone, and the occasional walk-in customer. Because Posavek is a wholesaler, the vast majority of its business is conducted on a credit basis. The process begins in the sales department, where the sales clerk enters the customers order into the centralized computer sales order system. The computer and file server are housed in Posaveks small data processing department. If the customer has done business with Posavek in the past, his or her data are already on file. If the customer is a first-time buyer, however, the clerk creates a new record in the customer account file. The system then creates a record of the transaction in the open sales order file. When the order is entered, an electronic copy of it is sent to the customers e-mail address as confirmation. A clerk in the warehouse department periodically reviews the open sales order file from a terminal and prints two copies of a stock release document for each new sale, which he uses to pick the items sold from the shelves. The warehouse clerk sends one copy of the stock release to the sales department and the second copy, along with the goods, to the shipping department. The warehouse clerk then updates the inventory subsidiary file to reflect the items and quantities shipped. Upon receipt of the stock release document, the sales clerk accesses the open sales order file from a terminal, closes the sales order, and files the stock release document in the sales department. The sales order system automatically posts these transactions to the sales, inventory control, and cost-of-goods-sold accounts in the general ledger file. Upon receipt of the goods and the stock release, the shipping department clerk prepares the goods for shipment to the customer. The clerk prepares three copies of the bill of lading. Two of these go with the goods to the carrier and the third, along with the stock release document, is filed in the shipping department. The billing department clerk reviews the closed sales orders from a terminal and prepares two copies of the sales invoice. One copy is mailed to the customer, and the other is filed in the billing department. The clerk then creates a new record in the accounts receivable subsidiary file. The sales order system automatically updates the accounts receivable control account in the general ledger file. CASH RECEIPTS PROCEDURES Mail room clerks open customer cash receipts, reviews the check and remittance advices for completeness, and prepares two copies of a remittance list. One copy is sent with the checks to the cash receipts department. The second copy of the remittance advices are sent to the billing department. When the cash receipts clerk receives the checks and remittance list, he verifies the checks received against those on the remittance list and signs the checks For Deposit Only. Once the checks are endorsed, he records the receipts in the cash receipts journal from his terminal. The clerk then fills out a deposit slip and deposits the checks in the bank. Upon receipt of the remittances, the billing department clerk records the amounts in the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger from the department terminal. The system automatically updates the AR control account in the general ledger Posavek has hired your public accounting firm to review its sales order procedures for internal control compliance and to make recommendations for changes. Required a. Create a data flow diagram of the current system. b. Create a system flowchart of the existing system. c. Analyze the physical internal control weaknesses in the system. d. (Optional) Prepare a system flowchart of a redesigned computer-based system that resolves the control weaknesses that you identified. Explain your solution.arrow_forwardPaterson Company, a U.S.-based company, manufactures and sells electronic components worldwide. Virtually all its manufacturing takes place in the United States. The company has marketing divisions throughout Europe, including France. Debbie Kishimoto, manager of this division, was hired from a competitor 3 years ago. Debbie, recently informed of a price increase in one of the major product lines, requested a meeting with Jeff Phillips, marketing vice president. Their conversation follows. Debbie: Jeff, I simply dont understand why the price of our main product has increased from 5.00 to 5.50 per unit. We negotiated an agreement earlier in the year with our manufacturing division in Philadelphia for a price of 5.00 for the entire year. I called the manager of that division. He said that the original price was still acceptablethat the increase was a directive from headquarters. Thats why I wanted to meet with you. I need some explanations. When I was hired, I was told that pricing decisions were made by the divisions. This directive interferes with this decentralized philosophy and will lower my divisions profits. Given current market conditions, there is no way we can pass on the cost increase. Profits for my division will drop at least 600,000 if this price is maintained. I think a midyear increase of this magnitude is unfair to my division. Jeff: Under normal operating conditions, headquarters would not interfere with divisional decisions. But as a company, we are having some problems. What you just told me is exactly why the price of your product has been increased. We want the profits of all our European marketing divisions to drop. Debbie: What do you mean that you want the profits to drop? That doesnt make any sense. Arent we in business to make money? Jeff: Debbie, what you lack is corporate perspective. We are in business to make money, and thats why we want European profits to decrease. Our U.S. divisions are not doing well this year. Projections show significant losses. At the same time, projections for European operations show good profitability. By increasing the cost of key products transferred to Europeto your division, for examplewe increase revenues and profits in the United States. By decreasing your profits, we avoid paying taxes in France. With losses on other U.S. operations to offset the corresponding increase in domestic profits, we avoid paying taxes in the United States as well. The net effect is a much-needed increase in our cash flow. Besides, you know how hard it is in some of these European countries to transfer out capital. This is a clean way of doing it. Debbie: Im not so sure that its clean. I cant imagine the tax laws permitting this type of scheme. There is another problem, too. You know that the companys bonus plans are tied to a divisions profits. This plan could cost all of the European managers a lot of money. Jeff: Debbie, you have no reason to worry about the effect on your bonusor on our evaluation of your performance. Corporate management has already taken steps to ensure no loss of compensation. The plan is to compute what income would have been if the old price had prevailed and base bonuses on that figure. Ill meet with the other divisional managers and explain the situation to them as well. Debbie: The bonus adjustment seems fair, although I wonder if the reasons for the drop in profits will be remembered in a couple of years when Im being considered for promotion. Anyway, I still have some strong ethical concerns about this. How does this scheme relate to the tax laws? Jeff: We will be in technical compliance with the tax laws. In the United States, Section 482 of the Internal Revenue Code governs this type of transaction. The key to this law, as well as most European laws, is evidence of an arms-length price. Since youre a distributor, we can use the resale price method to determine such a price. Essentially, the arms-length price for the transferred good is backed into by starting with the price at which you sell the product and then adjusting that price for the markup and other legitimate differences, such as tariffs and transportation. Debbie: If I were a French tax auditor, I would wonder why the markup dropped from last year to this year. Are we being good citizens and meeting the fiscal responsibilities imposed on us by each country in which we operate? Jeff: Well, a French tax auditor might wonder about the drop in markup. But, the markup is still within reason, and we can make a good argument for increased costs. In fact, weve already instructed the managers of our manufacturing divisions to legitimately reassign as many costs as they can to the European product lines. So far, they have been very successful. I think our records will support the increase that you are receiving. You really do not need to be concerned with the tax authorities. Our tax department assures me that this has been carefully researchedits unlikely that a tax audit will create any difficulties. Itll all be legal and above board. Weve done this several times in the past with total success. Required: 1. Do you think that the tax-minimization scheme described to Debbie Kishimoto is in harmony with the ethical behavior that should be displayed by top corporate executives? Why or why not? What would you do if you were Debbie? 2. Apparently, the tax department of Paterson Company has been strongly involved in developing the tax-minimization scheme. Assume that the accountants responsible for the decision are CMAs and members of the IMA, subject to the IMA standards of ethical conduct. Review the IMA standards for ethical conduct in Chapter 1. Are any of these standards being violated by the accountants in Patersons tax department? If so, identify them. What should these tax accountants do if requested to develop a questionable taxminimization scheme?arrow_forward
- Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. is one of Korea’s largest industrial producers.According to an article in BusinessWeek Online, the company is not only the world’s largest shipbuilder but also manufactures other industrial goods ranging from construction equipment and marine engines to building power plants and oil refineries worldwide. Despite being a major industrial force in Korea, several of the company’s divisions are unprofitable, or “bleeding red ink” in the words of the article. Indeed, last year the power plant and oil refineries building division recorded a $105 million loss, or 19 percent of its sales. Hyundai Heavy Industries recently hired a new CEO who is charged with the mission of bringing the un-profitable divisions back to profitability. According to BusinessWeek,Hyundai’s profit-driven CEO has provided division heads with the followingultimatum: “... hive off money-losing businesses and deliver profits within ayear—or else resign.” Suppose you are the head of the marine…arrow_forwardFillmore Industries is a vertically integrated firm with several divisions that operate as decentralized profit centers. Fillmore's Systems Division manufactures scientific instruments and uses the products of two of Fillmore's other divisions. The Board Division manufactures printed circuit boards (PCBs). One PCB model is made exclusively for the Systems Division using proprietary designs, while less complex models are sold in outside markets. The products of the Transistor Division are sold in a well-developed competitive market; however, one transistor model is also used by the Systems Division. The costs per unit of the products used by the Systems Division are as follows: PCB Transistor Direct materials 1,85 0,40 Direct labor 4,20 0,90 Variable overhead 2,40 0,70 Fixed overhead…arrow_forwardA U.S. multinational corporation has divided its operations into several operating segments and has provided the following data for each segment:(attached)It is important to note that all purchases of goods or services from other segments have been sold to outside parties except one. Control devices with a cost of $1,000,000 were sold to the Semiconductors segment for $1,700,000. These items remain in inventory at year-end.(attached)1. Determine which segments are reportable. 2. Given the available information, prepare all of the necessary schedules and disclosures regarding the entity’s segments, geographical areas, and reconciliations to consolidated amounts. 3. Identify and determine the value of several ratios that may be helpful in analyzing the above information.arrow_forward
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