Concept explainers
Introduction:
The main function of the immune system is to protect against the invasion of foreign substances or infectious materials. The immune system responds in two ways; one is nonspecific or innate and the other is specific or adaptive. The innate system provides the first line of defense against the infectious agent, while the specific or adaptive comes into action, when the innate fails.
Antibodies and lymphocytes are the major elements in the adaptive immune system. The lymphocytes consist of B cells, cytotoxic T cells and Helper T cells, which are involved in the adaptive immune response against the infectious pathogens. The interaction between the antigens and antibodies is the basic form of all immune-histochemical techniques.
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- Innate immune responses include all but (a) inflammation (b) antigen-antibody complexes (c) binding of PAMPs with pattern recognition receptors (d) complement (e) phagocytosisarrow_forwardFigure 42.11 Which of the following statements about T cells is false? Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardThe T-cell antigen receptor is similar to immunoglobulin molecules in that it: a. can cross the placenta and provide protection to a fetus b. remains bound to the cell surface and is never secreted c. binds complement d. contains V and C regions on each of its chainarrow_forward
- which two of following statements are true for an antigen prsent cell such as dendritic cell? a. Phagocytes are extra cellular pathogens b. Display processed pathoic peptide on the surface of the cell c. Produce antibodies specific for a pathogen d. Activate naive erythrocytesarrow_forwardAll of the following are functions of antibodies except a. neutralization of pathogen. b. destruction of antigen. c. agglutination of antigen. d. opsonization.arrow_forwardWhich of the following pairs is mismatched? a. T-cell activation: cell division and differentiation b. effector B cell: plasma cell c. plasma cell: antibody secretion d. helper T cell: kills pathogen-infected cells e. helper T cell: facilitates the differentiation of B cells.arrow_forward
- For question with blanks, choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement.Helper T cells receive antigen from.......... , and cytotoxic T cells receive antigen from............. a. macrophages, B cells b. class II MHC, class I MHC c. viruses, bacteria d. class I MHC, class II MHCarrow_forwardSuppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections over and over again- unlike the rest of us. A. What is probably wrong –B cells, helper T cells and/or cytotoxic T cells? B. Should this person be at a higher risk of cancer than the rest of us? C. Should this person be able to lyse bacterial cells as well as the rest of us? D. Should this person tolerate a graft (from an unreated person) better than you are me?arrow_forwardThe germinal center of a lymph node a. Is the location of B cells undergoing clonal expansion b. Is the location of plasma cells c. Is the location of B cells that have not yet contacted their antigen d. In a micrograph, Is the light-colored center of an activated lymphoid folliclearrow_forward
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