UPENN: LOOSE LEAF CORP.FIN W/CONNECT
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781260361278
Author: Ross
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
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Chapter 17, Problem 9QP
Personal Taxes, Bankruptcy Costs, and Firm Value When personal taxes on interest income and bankruptcy costs are considered, the general expression for the value of a levered firm in a world in which the tax rate on equity distributions equals zero is:
VL = Vu + {1–[(1 – tc)/(1 – tB)]}×B – C(B)
where:
VL = The value of a levered firm.
Vu = The value of an unlevered firm.
B = The value of the firm’s debt.
tc = The tax rate on corporate income.
tB= The personal tax rate on interest income.
C(B) = The
- a. In their no-tax model, what do Modigliani and Miller assume about tc tB, and C(B)? What do these assumptions imply about a firm’s optimal debt-equity ratio?
- b. In their model with corporate taxes, what do Modigliani and Miller assume about tc, tB, and C(B)? What do these assumptions imply about a firm’s optimal debt- equity ratio?
- c. Consider an all-equity firm that is certain to be able to use interest deductions to reduce its corporate tax bill. If the corporate tax rate is 34 percent the personal tax rate on interest income is 20 percent, and there are no costs of financial distress, by how much will the value of the firm change if it issues $1 million in debt and uses the proceeds to repurchase equity’?
- d. Consider another all-equity firm that does not pay taxes due to large tax loss earryforwards from previous years. The personal tax rate on interest income is 20 percent, and there are no costs of financial distress. What would be the change in the value of this firm from adding $1 of perpetual debt rather than $1 of equity?
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How would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true.
rd (1-t)
rs
WACC
4) The dividend payout ratio is increased.
5) The firm expands into a risky new area.
6) Investors become more risk-averse.
7) The firm is an electric utility with a large investment innuclear plants. Several states are considering a ban on nuclear power generation.
How would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true.
1) The corporate tax rate is lowered.
2) The Federal Reserve tightens credit.
3) The firm uses more debt; that is, it increases its debt ratio
Which one of the following is minimized when the value of the firm is maximized?
A- WACC
B- Return on equity
C-Debt
D-Taxes
E- Bankruptcy costs
Chapter 17 Solutions
UPENN: LOOSE LEAF CORP.FIN W/CONNECT
Ch. 17 - Bankruptcy Costs What are the direct and indirect...Ch. 17 - Stockholder Incentives Do you agree or disagree...Ch. 17 - Capital Structure Decisions Due to large losses...Ch. 17 - Cost of Debt What steps can stockholders take to...Ch. 17 - MM and Bankruptcy Costs How does the existence of...Ch. 17 - Agency Costs of Equity What are the sources of...Ch. 17 - Observed Capital Structures Refer to the observed...Ch. 17 - Bankruptcy and Corporate Ethics As mentioned in...Ch. 17 - Bankruptcy and Corporate Ethics Finns sometimes...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10CQ
Ch. 17 - Firm Value Janetta Corp. has EBIT of 5850,000 per...Ch. 17 - Agency Costs Tom Scott is the owner, president and...Ch. 17 - Nonmarketed Claims Dream, Inc., has debt...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4QPCh. 17 - Capital Structure and Growth Edwards Construction...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6QPCh. 17 - Agency Costs Fountain Corporations economists...Ch. 17 - Financial Distress Good Time Company is a regional...Ch. 17 - Personal Taxes, Bankruptcy Costs, and Firm Value...Ch. 17 - Personal Taxes, Bankruptcy Costs, and Firm Value...Ch. 17 - What is the expected value of the company in one...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2MCCh. 17 - One year from now, how much value creation is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4MCCh. 17 - Prob. 5MCCh. 17 - Prob. 6MC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, finance and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume that there is corporate tax, but no other frictions. Based on the propositions of Modigliani and Miller, which statement is the least accurate? Oa. The weighted cost of capital decreases as the leverage ratio increases. D. The cost of debt increases as the leverage ratio increases. C. Firm value increases as the firm takes on more debts. d. The cost of equity increases as the leverage ratio increases. O e. The optimal structure is 100% debt.arrow_forwardIf you take corporate taxes and the cost of financial distress are into consideration, the market value of a firm should equal the value of the all-equity firm the present value of the tax shield the costs of financial distress. O plus; plus O plus; minus O minus; minus O minus; plusarrow_forwardThe weighted average cost of capital for a firm: O is equivalent to the after-tax cost of the firm's outstanding debt. O is a weighted average between the cost of equity and the (after-tax) cost of debt. O is unaffected when there is any change in the corporate tax rate. O remains constant when the firm's capital structure changes.arrow_forward
- What happens to ROE for Firm U and Firm L if EBIT falls to $1,600? What happens if EBIT falls to $1,200? What is the after-tax cost of debt? What does this imply about the impact of leverage on risk and return?arrow_forwardM&M Proposition II, without taxes, puts forth that, Multiple Choice the capital structure of a company has no effect on that company's value. the cost of equity depends on the return on debt, the debt-equity ratio, and the tax rate. O a company's cost of equity is a linear function with a slope equal to (RA - Rpl- the cost of equity is equivalent to the required rate of return on assets. the size of the pie does not depend on how the pie is sliced.arrow_forward9) In DCF valuation, a company can increase its return on equity (ROE) by increasing its leverage ratio (D/E) if and only if its return on capital (ROC) exceeds the after-tax cost of debt (r_d x (1-Tc)). (Assume all other inputs are fixed.) True or false?arrow_forward
- What does the MM theory with no taxes state about the valueof a levered firm versus the value of an otherwise identical butunlevered firm? What does this imply about the optimal capitalstructure?arrow_forwardWHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS MOST CORRECT? A. IF A FIRM'S EXPECTED BASIC EARNING POWER (BEP) IS CONSTANT FOR ALL ITS ASSETS AND EXCEES INTEREST RATE ON ITS DEBT, THEN ADDING ASSETS FINANCING THEM WITH DEBT WILL RAISE THE FIRM'S EXPECTED RATE OF RETURN ON COMMON EQUITY (ROE)? B. THE HIGHER ITS TAX RATE, THE LOWER A FIRM'S BEP RATIO WILL BE, OTHER THINGS HELD CONSTANT. C. THE HIGHER THE INTEREST RATE ON ITS DEBT, THE LOWER THE FIRM'S BEP RATIO WILL BE, OTHER THINGS HELD CONSTANT. D. THE HIGHER ITS DEBT RATIO, THE LOWER THE FIRM'S BEP RATIO WILL BE, OTHER THINGS HELD CONSTANT. E. STATEMENT A IS FALSE, BUT B, C AND D ARE ALL TRUE.arrow_forwardThe higher the firm's tax rate, the lower the firm's after-tax cost of debt and WACC will be (other things held constant.) TRUE Or False?arrow_forward
- If the present value of a firm's marginal financial distress costs are equal to the present value of its marginal tax shieid, the companySelect one:a.has too much debt in its capital structureb.should increase the amount of debt in ts capital structurec. has an optimal capital structured.shouid reduce the amount of equity in its capital structuree:none of the abovtarrow_forwardHow does the WACC DCF methodology mechanically incorporate interest tax shields (select the best answer)? Group of answer choices By estimating free cash flows that incorporate the tax benefits of debt. By adding the tax benefits of interest payments to the value of the firm. By adding the PV of the interest tax shields to the value of the firm. By estimating a discount rate that incorporates the tax benefits of debt.arrow_forwardHi can i calculate the value of a firm by discounting the Unlevered net incomes?arrow_forward
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