CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136920335
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 17.1, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The disorder alkaptonuria is dominant or recessive. Garrod (1902) suggested that this condition is expressed when the faulty gene alleles are inherited from both the parents.
Concept introduction:
Alkaptonuria occurs due to the deficiency of the enzyme homogentisate 1, 2- dioxygenase. Thus, the body is unable to breakdown tyrosine and phenylalanine amino acids causing dark urine. In a research article by Garrod (1902) about alkaptonuria, he suggested that this disorder is caused when the abnormal allele is inherited from both the parents.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
COFFEE COFFEE BUZZ BUZZ!!! You've discovered a novel biosynthetic pathway that makes the molecule caffeine. The pathway can be allosterically inhibited. Which of the following is mostly likely true.
Select one:
a.
caffeine contains an allosteric site
b.
caffeine binds to the first enzyme in the pathway
c.
caffeine can be inhibited by its active site
d.
the last enzyme inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway
e.
the first enzyme promotes the degradation of the last enzyme in the pathway
. The allosterically regulated enzyme ATCase binds aspartic acid as a
substrate and acylates the a-amino group. Succinate acts as a competitive
inhibitor of ATCase because it binds the active site but can't be acylated. The
dependence of vo on [aspartic acid] for ATCase is shown in panel (a) of the
accompanying figure. Panel (b) shows the effect of increasing [succinate]
on v, when [Asp] is held at a low concentration (see thick vertical arrow in
panel (a)). Note that in panel (b), vo is not zero when [succinate] =0 (see
thin horizontal arrow). Explain the shape of the curve in panel (b). Why
does v, increase initially, before decreasing at higher [succinate]?
Co0-
COO
CH2
CH,
HC -NH,
CH,
COO
COO
Asp
Succinate
[Asp)
[Succinate]
[Asp] in
experiment b
(a)
(b)
.Wheeler and Mathews (J. Biol. Chem. 286:16992–16996, 2011) reported
the concentrations of adenine nucleotides in rat liver mitochondria as fol-
lows: ATP, 5.5 mM; ADP, 5.1 mM; AMP, 1.8 mM.
(a) Calculate the adenylate energy charge within the mitochondrion
[ATP] + 0.5[ADP]
(adenylate energy charge
[ATP] + [ADP] + [AMPJ'
(b) Most measurements of adenylate energy charge in whole cells or
cytosol give values close to 0.9. Speculate on reasons why it might be
advantageous for mitochondria to have an ADP concentration almost as
high as that of ATP.
(c) succinyl-CoA + ADP + P¡
= -2.9 kJ/mol
If [P;] within the mitochondrion is 0.05 M and succinate and succinyl-
CoA are present at equimolar concentrations, what is the maximum
succinate + ATP + CoA-SH AG°'
mitochondrial concentration of CoA-SH at which the reaction can be
exergonic?
Chapter 17 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)
Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 17.1 - What polypeptide product would you expect from a...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In a research artide about...Ch. 17.2 - What enables RNA polymerase to start transcribing...Ch. 17.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose X-rays caused a sequence change...Ch. 17.3 - There are about 20,000 human protein-coding genes....Ch. 17.3 - How is RNA splicing similar to how you would watch...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.4 - What two processes ensure that the correct amino...
Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 17.4 - WH AT IF? In eukaryotic cells, mRNAs have been...Ch. 17.5 - What happens when one nucleotide pair is lost from...Ch. 17.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Individuals heterozygous for the...Ch. 17.5 - WHAT IF? DRAW IT The template strand of a gene...Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 17 - Describe the process of gene expression, by which...Ch. 17 - What are the similarities and differences in the...Ch. 17 - What function do the 5' cap and the poly-A tail...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4CRCh. 17 - What will be the results of chemically modifying...Ch. 17 - In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 17 - The anticodon of a particular tRNA molecule is (A)...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 17 - Which component is not directly involved in...Ch. 17 - Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5' 3' sequence of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 17 - Would the coupling of the processes shown in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 17 - scientific inquiry Knowing that the genetic code...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- name and explain the model that most likely accounts for cooperativity in enzymeNADH Also indicate why this is the most likely model.arrow_forward1. Give TWO (2) examples of sterols responsible for the synthesis of Vitamin D. How these sterols can be converted into Vitamin D? 2. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is a universal precursor for all diterpene/diterpenoids. How GGPP is converted to linear, monocyclic, bicyclic and tricyclic diterpene/diterpenoids? Explain.arrow_forwardIn vitro conditions the enzyme is used in catalytic amounts (10-12 to 10-8M). Estimate the amount of enzyme in living cell. Assuming (a) fresh tissue is 80% water and intracellular (b) total soluble protein in cell represents 15% of wet weight (c) all soluble proteins are enzymes (d) average molecular weight of protein is 150,000 (e) about 1000 different enzymes are present.arrow_forward
- Legend: Blue – wild-type β-galactosidase Red – mutant β-galactosidase _________ a. What is the optimum pH of wild type β-galactosidase? _________ b. What is the optimum temperature of mutant β-galactosidase? _________ c. Which enzyme has the greater activity at pH 7.2? _________ d. Which enzyme has the greater activity at a temperature of 42.5oC? _________ e. Which enzyme has greater activity if pH decreases from 7.5 to 6.4? _________ f. Which enzyme has greater activity if temperature increases from 40oC to 41 oC?arrow_forwardE Threonine 6. You have identified some intermediates in threonine synthesis: A, B, C, D and E. You grow a few of your mutants in the presence of these different intermediates to determine the order in which the gene products act. Below are your results. A (+) means growth and a (-) means no growth. Given these data, draw the best possible pathway for the synthesis of threonine. The diagram should use arrows to indicate one intermediate being changed to another intermediate. Indicate which gene produces the product responsible for the conversion by listing the mutant in that gene above the arrow. Mt1 Mt2 Mt4 Mt7arrow_forwardReminder: Enzymology is foundational to biochemistry. You should review and be familiar with the enzymes unit from BICH410. Here is a sample question as review!! Which of the following characteristics is(are) accurate in describing a regulated enzyme? Select all that apply. a) always responds the environment by covalent modification by phosphorylation b) displays only negative cooperativity c) contains multiple subunits d)has a defined T state and R statearrow_forward
- Using the graph data I estimated Slope = 2.8, about the same as the steeper part of the maternal hemoglobin, does this represent a strong positive cooperativity between enzyme subunits?arrow_forward5. By using Excel or GoogleSheets. graph the Lineweaver-Burk plots for the behavior of an enzyme for which the following experimental data are available. What are the Km and Kwax values for the inhibited and uninhibited reactions? Is the inhibitor competitive or noncompetitive? [S] (mM) V, No Inhibitor (mmol min-) V, Inhibitor Present (mmol min-') 1 × 10-4 5 × 10-4 1.5 x 10-3 2.5 x 10-3 5 x 10-3 0.026 0.010 0.092 0.136 0.040 0.086 0.150 0.120 0.165 0.142arrow_forward. The following diagram shows the biosynthesis of B12 coenzymes, starting with the vitamin. DMB is dimethylbenzimidazole. (a) What one additional substrate or cofactor is required by enzyme B? (b) Genetic deficiency in animals of enzyme C would result in exces- sive urinary excretion of what compound?arrow_forward
- are key p of this bou. and lucleohole Nucleic Acids genetic infromating 2. RAlA 2. 4. Enzymes control the rates at which the chemical reactions in a cell take place. A. Define the following terms: 1. catalyst: 2. enzyme: 3. substrate: 4. active site: 5. energy of activation: B. Use all of the above terms to describe how enzymes work in a few sentences:arrow_forward25. Overall oxidation of glucose can be represented as (2 Points) Glucose + 2ADP + 2GDP + 4 Pi +8NAD+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 6CO2 + 2ATP + 2GTP +8NADH + 6H+ + 2FADH2 Glucose + 4ADP + 2GDP + 4 Pi +8NAP+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 6CO2 + 2ATP +2GTP +8NADH + 6H+ + 2FADH2 Glucose + 2ADP + 2GDP + 4 Pi +8NADP+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 2CO2 + 2ATP + 2GTP +8NADHP + 6H+ + 2FADH2 Glucose + 2ADP + 2GDP + 2 Pi +6NAD+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 6CO2 + 2ATP + 2GTP +6NADH + 6H+ + 2FADH2arrow_forward. Most bacterial mutants that require isoleucine for growth also require valine. Why? Which enzyme or reaction would be defective in a mutant requiring only isoleucine (not valine) for growth?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning