Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781323670637
Author: Urry, Cain
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 14TYU
SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of dioxin were prsent in Agent Orange, a defoliant sprayed on Vegetation during the Vietnam War. Animal tests suggest that dioxin can cause birth defects, cancer, liver and thymus damage, and immune system suppression, sometimes leading to death. but the animal tests are equivocal; a hamster is not affected by a dose that can kill a guinea pig. Dioxin acts like a Steroid hormone, entering a cell and binding to a cytoplasmic receptor that then blnds the cell's DNA.
- (a) Discuss how this mechanism might help explain the vari- ety of dioxin's effects on different body systems and in different animals.
- (b) Discuss how you might determine whether a type of illness is related to dioxin exposure. Next, discuss how you might determine whether a particular individual became ill as a result of exposure to dioxin. Which would be more difficult to demonstrate? Why?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
TTX is found in a variety of animals and is often used as a defense against predation. Puffer fish-a delicacy in Japanese cuisine-a well-known cause of accidental, sometimes fatal. TTX food poisoning in humans. A single newt killed three hunters after it got into their coffee pot. As the newt was boiled over the campfire, a substance on its skin-called tetrodotoxin (TTX)-contaminated the water to make a lethal brew . The newt's body was not eaten-- the campers simply drank water in which it was boiled If the poisoning resulted from drinking contaminated water alone, what does this tell you about the solubility and stability of the TTX present on the newt's skin?
TTX is found in a variety of animals and is often used as a defense against predation. Puffer fish-a delicacy in Japanese cuisine-a well-known cause of accidental, sometimes fatal. TTX food poisoning in humans. A single newt killed three hunters after it got into their coffee pot. As the newt was boiled over the campfire, a substance on its skin-called tetrodotoxin (TTX)-contaminated the water to make a lethal brew . The newt's body was not eaten-- the campers simply drank water in which it was boiled. Cells use the sodium electrical gradient to perform many activities. What membrane protein is used to establish the sodium electrochemical gradient and how does it work?
1. Plays an important role in intracellular signaling
2. helps maintain an erection in men
3. has a key role in glycoprotein synthesis
4. Helps control diabetes by reducing blood sugar and insulin resistance
5. facilitates absorption of minerals such as Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium
6. removes toxic substances from the breakdown of muscle proteins during intensive exercise
7. has a synergistic effect with Vitamin E and Selenium
8. Needed to produce tryptophan
9. Protects myelin sheath
10. facilitates removal of heavy metals such as mercury
Choices for the answers:
A. Alanine
B. Cysteine
C. Glutamine
D. Glutathione
E. Glycine
F. Serine
G. Taurine
H. Aspargine
I. Aspartic Acid
J. Proline
K. L-arginine
L. Tyrosine
Chapter 18 Solutions
Bio 121 Campbell Biology Truman College
Ch. 18.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to the trp...Ch. 18.1 - Describe the binding of RNA Polymerase,...Ch. 18.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes...Ch. 18.2 - In general, what are the effects of histone...Ch. 18.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Speculate about whether the same...Ch. 18.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 18.2 - Once mRNA encoding a particular protein reaches...Ch. 18.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you compared the nucleotide...Ch. 18.3 - Compare miRNAs and siRNAs, including their...Ch. 18.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in...
Ch. 18.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Inactivation of one of the X...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS As you learned in Chapter 12,...Ch. 18.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling...Ch. 18.4 - How do fruit fly maternal effect genes determine...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Under what circumstances is cancer considered to...Ch. 18.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activate...Ch. 18 - Compare and contrast the roles of a corepressor...Ch. 18 - Describe what must happen in a cell for a gene...Ch. 18 - Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explsin how...Ch. 18 - Describe the two main processes that cause...Ch. 18 - Compare the usual functions of proteins encoded by...Ch. 18 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 18 - Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly...Ch. 18 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of (A)...Ch. 18 - Cell differentiation always involves (A)...Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 18 - What would occur if the repressor of an inducible...Ch. 18 - Absence of bicoid in mRNA from a Drosophila egg...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about the DNA in...Ch. 18 - Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 18 - draw it The diagram below shows five genes,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 18 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 18 - SCIENCE. TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Trace amounts of...Ch. 18 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In a Short essay...Ch. 18 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The flashlight fish has...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 1 2 3 4 description Cell membranes in both plants and animals are primarily made of this kind of molecule. This kind of molecule is usually a short-lived messenger molecule that conveys information about pain and inflammation. When circulating nutrients are insufficient to meet the body's energy needs, this type of molecule is broken down into smaller molecules that can be oxidized in cells to supply energy. This molecule is the starting point for the synthesis of many hormones, including the sex hormones testosterone and estradiol. Which molecules fit this description? 0 0 U 0 none of them 0 none of them Onone of them none of themarrow_forwardThe Bradykinin Hypothesis suggests that COVID-19 is primarily a kidney disease that can be alleviated by vitamin D a vascular disease that makes blood vessels leaky a cardiac disease that causes cardiac muscle slowdown a respiratory disease that dries out the lungsarrow_forwardSelect all that apply: The aim of the fentanyl project in Baker's group is to do the following to detect the biohazard: | a. Grow the genetically engineered organisms in areas where the biohazard may be deployed. | b. Generate a customized protein that is modified to glow when fentanyl binds to the receptor site. | c. Genetically engineer thale cress to produce customized proteins that they have designed. | d. Custom engineer proteins that glow with fentanyl for use in a spray that can be applied in the field. O e. Modify one of the proteins found in thale cress to glow when fentanyl binds to the receptor site.arrow_forward
- Please note whether each protein is either a Kinase (K), ATPase (A), GTPase (G), Membrane protein (M). Some proteins may need more than one letter: Dynamin [Choose ] Porin [Choose ] EGF Receptor [Choose ] CD4 [Choose ] P-glycoprotein [Choose ] Rho [Choose ] <arrow_forwardQuestion 1 Which of the following is not true regarding the circulatory system?AnswerThis system ensures that waste products are removed from all tissues of the body.This system is made up of the blood vessels, heart, and blood.The circulatory system has an important role in the exchange of gases in the lungs.During fetal development, the circulatory system develops from the lymphatic system.This system carries excess water and salts to the urinary system.1 points Question 2 Which of the following sources of scientific information is the most technical?Answergeneral interest news magazinesnewspapersnonfictional bookspeer-reviewed journalsscience magazines1 points Question 3 A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a new pesticide available on the market. Which of the following is the best control for this experiment?Answera higher concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental fieldmore shade on the control field…arrow_forwardThe herbicide glyphosate (Roundup®) kills plants. Discuss all the Biochemistry involved as to why this powerful herbicide has little effect on humans.arrow_forward
- DNA molecule, which embodies genes, the hereditary units, is found in all living things. Science showed that genes could be expressed in any microorganism, meaning that DNA will direct the synthesis of proteins needed for various biological functions and structures.To reduce the costs of production, pharmaceutical companies use biotechnology to generate human insulin in bacteria.Can you describe the steps leading to the production of this hormone in industrial quantities?arrow_forwardConsider the structure of cholesterol, a small hydrophobic molecule with a sterol backbone similar to that of three of the hormones, but possessing fewer polar groups such as –OH, =O, and –COO–. If cholesterol were not normally found in cell membranes, could it be used effectively as a hormone if an appropriate intracellular receptor evolved?arrow_forwardScience of Curiosity a. Signals released by one cell type can travel long distances to target cells of another cell type. Which system of the body is responsible for sending out cell signals that go a long distance? ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES Long Distance § Neurotransmitters § Plant immune response § Quorum sensing in bacteria § Morphogens in embryonic development § Insulin § Human growth hormone § Testosterone § Estrogen endocrine oYstem Explain how this system achieves long distance cell signaling to communicate with body tissues far away from the signaling cell. Use the example of insulin and define "target cell' in your explanation. semenda ong dis Th oystem sends Yong dis cll In terms of speed and longevity in the body, compare the Endocrine System (like insulin or growth hormone signals) and the Nervous System signaling (neurotransmitters). Science of Curiosilyarrow_forward
- Which one of the following is NOT true about ECM? O ECM is composed of an interlocking mesh of fibrous proteins and glycosaminoglycans. O ECM supports cell-to-cell communication and stem cell differentiation. O Proteoglycan complex has a unique bottle brush-like structure. It is positively (+) charged. It is composed glycosaminoglycans and carbohydrates that are attached to the proteins. O ECM is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.arrow_forwardThe biomolecular interaction between protein receptors and ligands is similar to that of en- zymes and substrates, which depends in part on the shape of the protein. The shape of a protein, in turn, depends on the presence of appropriate chemical bonds in the protein. Many common medications function by altering the interactions between protein receptors and ligands, thereby interfering with the normal response of a cell to specific signals. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which a drug might interfere with a normal cellular response? A B A medication causes the cell to become more permeable and unable to maintain the conditions that allow a normal response. с A medication interrupts the electron transport chain in a cell and makes it unable to syn- thesize sufficient ATP. D A medication enters the nucleus of a cell and alters the nucleic sequence for a specific receptor protein. A medication enters a target cell and acts as an inhibitor to an intercellular protein…arrow_forwardGive typed explanation Pharmacogenetics is the study of the effects of genetic factors on drug responses in patients. Interindividual differences in the sequences of genes that encode the drug’s molecular target or transporters, or the enzymes responsible for drug metabolism, can profoundly affect the success or failure of a drug or therapeutic. Which of the following genetic variations would NOT lead to pharmacodynamic variation? Genetic variation leading to altered activity of enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Genetic variation leading to altered expression of the drug’s molecular target. Genetic variation leading to decreased affinity of a drug for a receptor. Genetic variation leading to altered downstream signaling. unansweredarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license