EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
5th Edition
ISBN: 8220100255250
Author: HARTWELL
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 18, Problem 16P
Some ts alleles are temperature sensitive during protein synthesis: If translation occurs at the restrictive temperature, the newly forming protein cannot fold correctly. Other ts alleles are temperature sensitive for activity: When the temperature is raised, the existing, properly folded protein unfolds and can no longer perform its function. Which kind of ts allele is better for temperature shift experiments like the one in Fig. 18.12 (p. 608) aimed at determining when a protein functions? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
Ch. 18 - Match each of the terms in the left column to the...Ch. 18 - a. If you were interested in the role of a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Flies homozygous for recessive null mutations in...Ch. 18 - In 1932, H. J. Muller suggested a genetic test to...Ch. 18 - a. Explain how you could use worms transformed...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7PCh. 18 - Sevenless is an unusual receptor protein in that...Ch. 18 - Suppose that you generated flies containing a...Ch. 18 - Drosophila researchers have collected many strains...
Ch. 18 - As an alternative to random mutagenesis,...Ch. 18 - The molecular identity of the fruit fly rugose...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - Prob. 14PCh. 18 - Prob. 15PCh. 18 - Some ts alleles are temperature sensitive during...Ch. 18 - Prob. 17PCh. 18 - Hypomorphic alleles of a pleiotropic gene...Ch. 18 - Prob. 19PCh. 18 - Prob. 20PCh. 18 - a. Explain the difference between maternal...Ch. 18 - Prob. 22PCh. 18 - Prob. 23PCh. 18 - Some genes are required both zygotically and...Ch. 18 - How would a human with a mutation in a maternal...Ch. 18 - One important demonstration that Bicoid is an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 27PCh. 18 - Prob. 28PCh. 18 - Wild-type embryos and mutant embryos lacking the...Ch. 18 - The Drosophila even-skipped eve gene has four...Ch. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - Prob. 32P
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- The concentration of RNase that Christian Anfinsen used in his denaturation/renaturation experiments was about 1 mg/ml. Inside the cell, the protein concentration is estimated to be more than 100 mg/ml. Predict the outcome of Anfinsen's experiments had he used a 100 mg/ml RNase concentration.arrow_forwardA mutation creates a dominant negative allele of a particular gene. The gene encodes a protein that forms a trimer within the cell. If one or more of the subunits has the mutant structure, the entire trimeric protein is inactive. In a heterozygous cell, if the proteins of both alleles are present at the same levels, what percent of the trimers present in the cell will be active? A) 100% B) 5% C) 50% D) 33% E) 5%arrow_forwardLike Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomesof individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulationof lipids. The defective enzyme is α-galactosidase A, which is alysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The enzymaticdefect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart,and eyes. The gene that encodes α-galactosidase A is found on theX chromosome. Let’s suppose a phenotypically unaffected coupleproduces two sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypicallyunaffected daughter. What is the probability that the daughter willhave an affected son?arrow_forward
- Which of the following mutations in the protein-coding region of a gene is more likely to lead to complete loss of function of the encoded protein: an insertion of six nucleotides or a deletion of two nucleotides? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardIn many genetic disorders, a lysosomal enzyme required to degrade a specific molecule is missing or defective. One example of these maladies, often referred to as lysosomal storage diseases, is Tay-Sachs disease. Afflicted individuals inherit a defective gene from each parent that codes for an enzyme that degrades a complex lipid molecule. Symptoms include severe mental retardation and death before the age of 5 years. What is the nature of the process that is destroying the patient's cells? (Hint: Synthesis of the lipid molecule continues at a normal rate.)arrow_forwardBeadle and Tatum's experiments led to the "one gene - one enzyme (protein)" hypothesis. In subsequent years, many exceptions to this hypothesis were noted. A molecule of hemoglobin fails to support this hypothesis for which of the following reasons? n eukaryotes, one gene can code form multiple isoforms of a polypeptide. The functional hemoglobin protein is made from multiple polypeptides. Not all enzymes are proteins. Not all genes encode proteins.arrow_forward
- According to the Central Dogma, genes are the blueprints for making proteins. Each gene (humans have 21,325) contains a single “coded message” of DNA bases (A, T, G, & C) attached in a specific order, which the cell “reads” to create an mRNA molecule that is then translated into protein. Knowing this, EXPLAIN how a SINGLE gene can make different proteins in different cells.arrow_forwardLike Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomes of individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulation of lipids. The defective enzyme is α-galactosidase A, which is a lysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The defect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart, and eyes. The gene that encodes α-galactosidase A is found on the X chromosome. Let’s suppose a phenotypically unaffected couple producestwo sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypically unaffecteddaughter. What is the probability that the daughter will have anaffected son?arrow_forwardThe table below shows different types of mutations in different positions in four genes. Choose the letter (A to E), from the drop-down menu, that represents the most likely type of protein that will be produced from each of these mutated genes. A: completely normal protein B: functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal C: non-functional protein with ONE amino acid different from normal D: non-functional protein with MANY amino acids different from normal E: no protein at all Answer Type of mutation Position of mutation in gene (A, B, C, D, or E) before the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme 2 base pair insertion Inonsense immediately before the stop codon in the part of the gene that specifies the active site of the enzyme silent 1 base pair insertion in an intronarrow_forward
- a protein with a molar mass of 3800 g/mol is given. determine the number of nucleotides contained in the gene that encoded this protein, knowing that: 20% of it are introns, the mass of a nucleotide is 300 g/mol and the mass of an amino acid is 110 g/molarrow_forwardComplete the protein synthesis for the partial DNA sequence for a normal FGFR3 gene (TOP) and mutated FGFR3 gene (BOTTOM). Remember, when filling in mRNA, use capital letters only. When filling in amino acids, use three letters, with the first letter capitalized. If you do not use this format, your answer may be marked wrong. DNA CCG TTC GGG GAA ССС MRNA Amino Acid DNA CCG TTC GGG GAA TCC MRNA Amino Acidarrow_forwardThe protein known as tyrosinase is needed to make certain types of pigments. Tyrosinase is composed of a single polypeptide with 511amino acids. The molecular mass of this protein is approximately61,300 Da, or 61.3 kDa. People who carry two defective copies ofthe tyrosinase gene have the condition known as albinism. They areunable to make pigment in the skin, eyes, and hair. Western blottingis used to detect proteins that are translated from a particularmRNA. This method is described in Chapter 20 and also in experimentalquestion E4. Skin samples were collected from a pigmentedindividual (lane 1) and from three unrelated albino individuals(lanes 2, 3, and 4) and subjected to a Western blot analysis using anantibody that recognizes tyrosinase.arrow_forward
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