Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337516402
Author: Brown
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.21P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Way in which the given observation bears on the formation of a terahedral carbonyl addition intermediate during acid-catalysed easter hydrolyis, the corresponding transformation has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Transesterification is the process of formation of a new ester molecule from the reaction of alcohol and an ester. This is like hydrolysis of ester but here nucleophile is alcohol molecule instead of
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Under milder temperatures than what is needed for dehydration, strong acids catalyze the self-condensation of 1-propyl alcohol to give di-n-propyl ether. The mechanism differs from that of today's reaction in that the protonated alcohol undergoes an Sn2 rather than an Sn1 reaction. Write the mechanism for the acid catalyzed condensation of ethyl alcohol to give diethyl ether. Make sure the mechanism includes protonation, Sn2, and deprotonation.
Some alcohols undergo rearrangement or other unwanted side reactions when they dehydrate in acid. Alcohols may be dehydrated under mildly basic conditions using phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) in pyridine. The alcohol reacts with phosphorus oxychloride much like it reacts with tosyl chloride, displacing a chloride ion from phosphorus to give an alkyl dichlorophosphate ester. The dichlorophosphate group is an outstanding leaving group. Pyridine reacts as a base with the dichlorophosphate ester to give an E2 elimination. Propose a mechanism for the dehydration of cyclohexanol by POCl3 in pyridine.
Given the chemical equation in the synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and potassium permanganate:
C7H8(I) + 2KMnO4(aq) → KC7H5O2 + 2MnO2 (s) + KOH (aq) + H2O (I)
KC2H5O2 (aq) + HCl (aq) → C7H8O2 (s) + KCl (aq)
MW: C7H8 = 92.14
KMnO4 = 158.03
MnO2 = 86.94
KC7H5O2 = 160.21
C7H8O2 = 122
Density: C7H8 = 0.87 g/mL
KMnO4 = 2.7 g/mL
KC7H5O2 = 1.5 g/mL
C7H8O2 = 1.27 g/mL
If 1 mL of toluene and 4 mL of 50% w/v potassium permanganate solution are used to synthesize the benzoic acid in a reflux set-up, calculate the theoretical yield of benzoic acid. Show your complete solution and underline your final answer.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.4PCh. 18.4 - Synthesis of nitriles by nucleophilic displacement...Ch. 18.5 - Complete the following transesterification...Ch. 18.6 - Complete and balance equations for the following...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. AQCh. 18.8 - Several compounds have been found to inhibit...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. CQ
Ch. 18.8 - The following sequence of steps is used to create...Ch. 18.9 - Prob. 18.8PCh. 18.9 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18.10 - Prob. 18.10PCh. 18.10 - Show how to convert (R)-2-phenylpropanoic acid to...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound. (a)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.14PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.15PCh. 18 - Propose a structural formula for compound A,...Ch. 18 - Propose a structural formula for compound B,...Ch. 18 - Propose a structural formula for each compound...Ch. 18 - Draw a structural formula for the principal...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.23PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18 - Show the product expected when the following...Ch. 18 - The reagent diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBALH)...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.28PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.29PCh. 18 - Nicotinic acid, more commonly named niacin, is one...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.31PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35PCh. 18 - Isoniazid, a drug used to treat tuberculosis, is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - A step in a synthesis of PGE1 (prostaglandin E1,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40PCh. 18 - Show how to synthesize 5-nonanone from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - The following sequence of steps converts...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.44PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.46PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.47PCh. 18 - Following is a retrosynthetic analysis for the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Given this retrosynthetic analysis, propose a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54PCh. 18 - In Problem 7.28, we saw this step in Johnsons...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.56PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.57PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.58PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.59PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.60PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.61PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.62PCh. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how...Ch. 18 - Minoxidil is a molecule that causes hair growth in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.69PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.71P
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