Concept explainers
Interpretation:
A reaction roadmap have to be made for the reactions in the study Guide section of problems 15.19, 16.72 and 17.45.
Concept Introduction:
Addition Reaction: It is defined as
Addition of alcohols to
Example: the reaction of methanol with ethanol to form hemiacetals or acetals.
Unsaturated compound: The nucleophile reacts with
The alkylation at the β carbon of ketone or aldehyde is done by the following mechanism;
(1) Alkylating the β carbon via enamine intermediate.
(2) Alkylating the β carbon via a Michael reaction.
Acetals: Acetals are used to protect the ketone and aldehyde (carbonyl group).
In this reaction acetone is protected as acetal by using ethylene glycol. Acetals are less stable compound.
A hemiacetal or a hemiketal: addition of alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone which produce hemi acetal.
Depending on the number of carbon side chain of the nitrogen, different types of amines can form.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how to convert butane into butanal. Show all reagents needed and all molecules synthesized along the way.arrow_forwardUsing your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert propane into propyl propanoate. You must use propane as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents needed and all molecules synthesized along the way.arrow_forwardUsing your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how to convert 1-bromopropane and carbon dioxide into 4-propyl-4-heptanol. You must use 1-bromopropane and carbon dioxide as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along the way.arrow_forward
- Write out the needed reagents and steps for getting the product.arrow_forward#16b. Provide the missing reactants, reagents, or products for the following reaction sequences below.arrow_forward4. A CHEM 245 student wants to synthesize some ethylene glycol to use as antifreeze in his radiator this winter. He proposes the following reaction to his instructor, who quickly explains that this reaction won't work as proposed due to the student's choice of reagent. 1) NaH 2) H20 OH Но a) Why can't sodium hydride (NaH) be used as the nucleophile in the reaction above? b) Propose an alternate reagent that COULD be used with the ethylene oxide to successfully give the desired ethylene glycol product.arrow_forward
- Aspirin is the common name for the compound acetylsalicylic acid, widely used as a fever reducer and as a pain killer. Salicylic acid, whose name comes from Salix, the willow family of plants, was derived from willow bark extracts. In folk medicine, willow bark teas were used as headache remedies and other tonics. Nowadays, salicylic acid is administered in the form of aspirin which is less irritating to the stomach than salicylic acid. To prepare aspirin, salicylic acid is reacted with an excess of acetic anhydride. A small amount of a strong acid is used as a catalyst which speeds up the reaction. In this experiment, phosphoric acid will be used as the catalyst. The excess acetic acid will be quenched with the addition of water. The aspirin product is not very soluble in water so the aspirin product will precipitate when water is added. The synthesis reaction of aspirin is shown below: Actic anhydride 5 ml. Acetic acid Salicylic acid 28 Acetylsalicylie acid Procedure 1) Mix salicylic…arrow_forwardUse the roadmap reactions to determine the steps reactions and the intermediate products for each synthesisarrow_forwardDescribe a laboratory procedure that would allow you to form 2-pentanone and 3-pentanone from 2-pentyne. Show a synthesis pathway in your description, including the full structural diagrams for all reactants, products, and intermediatesarrow_forward
- Complete the following reactions by filling in any missing reactants, reagents or products. a) Zn(Hg) conc. HCl b) ОН ? с) ОН РСС CH,Cl,arrow_forwardUsing your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how to convert 2-methylpentane into 2-methyl-3-pentanone. Show all reagents needed and all molecules synthesized along the way.arrow_forwardUsing your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert 4-methyl-1-pentene and carbon dioxide into 5-methylhexanoic acid. You must use 4-methyl-1-pentene and carbon dioxide as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along the way.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning