The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D − glucose has to be stated. Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.69EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−glucose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−galactose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−fructose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The number of carbon atoms that end up outside the ring in the cyclization of the open-chain form of D−ribose has to be stated.

Concept introduction: Open chain structures of monosaccharides which contain five or more carbon atoms exist in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. These cyclic structures are the dominating forms at equilibrium. The carbonyl group in the open-chain structure of monosaccharide reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl group which results in the formation of cyclic forms. These cyclic compounds are called cyclic hemiacetals.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 18.1 - In terms of mass percent, which of the following...Ch. 18.1 - Which of the following is the most abundant type...Ch. 18.2 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 18.3 - Which of the following is not a possible value for...Ch. 18.3 - The complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 2QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that open chain structures of monosaccharides contain five or more carbon atoms in equilibrium with two cyclic structures. The carbonyl group reacts intramolecularly with a hydroxyl

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