PRIN.OF CORPORATE FINANCE
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781260013900
Author: BREALEY
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 18, Problem 18PS
Summary Introduction
To discuss: The prediction of traditional theory of optimal capital structure about the relationship among the target book debt ratios and book profitability and whether this prediction is constant with its facts.
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How does the WACC DCF methodology mechanically incorporate interest tax shields (select the best answer)?
Group of answer choices
By estimating free cash flows that incorporate the tax benefits of debt.
By adding the tax benefits of interest payments to the value of the firm.
By adding the PV of the interest tax shields to the value of the firm.
By estimating a discount rate that incorporates the tax benefits of debt.
(a) – Explain the concept of Tax Deduction in WACC. Does this tax deduction make debt finance Cheaper Then Equity Finance?
(b) – Compare Dividend Valuation Model with Capital Asset Pricing Model in the context of calculating cost of equity? Can use of these two methods result in differing values of business?
Which of the following is most correct about the cost of capital?
The cost of debt reflects the interest rates on debt capital before taking into account the tax effects.
Cost of capital is affected by the required rates of return of each of the source of capital, regardless of the capital structure.
The capital asset pricing model is the most widely used model to estimate the cost of common equity.
To minimize the cost of capital, firms should borrow more than their capacity because increasing the lower cost of debt yields the lowest cost of capital, thus, enhances shareholder value.
Chapter 18 Solutions
PRIN.OF CORPORATE FINANCE
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1PSCh. 18 - Tax shields Compute the present value of interest...Ch. 18 - Tax shields Here are book and market value balance...Ch. 18 - Tax shields Look back at the Johnson Johnson...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5PSCh. 18 - Tax shields The firm cant use interest tax shields...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7PSCh. 18 - Tax shields The trouble with MMs argument is that...Ch. 18 - Bankruptcy costs On February 29, 2019, when PDQ...Ch. 18 - Financial distress This question tests your...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 12PSCh. 18 - Agency costs Let us go back to Circular Files...Ch. 18 - Agency costs The Salad Oil Storage (SOS) Company...Ch. 18 - Agency costs The possible payoffs from Ms....Ch. 18 - Prob. 17PSCh. 18 - Prob. 18PSCh. 18 - Prob. 20PSCh. 18 - Pecking-order theory Fill in the blanks: According...Ch. 18 - Financial slack For what kinds of companies is...Ch. 18 - Financial slack True or false? a. Financial slack...Ch. 18 - Debt ratios Rajan and Zingales identified four...Ch. 18 - Leverage targets Some corporations debtequity...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26PSCh. 18 - Trade-off theory The trade-off theory relies on...
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- WACC AND OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE Elliott Athletics is trying to determine its optimal capital structure, which now consists of only debt and common equity. The firm does not currently use preferred stock in its capital structure, and it does not plan to do so in the future. Its treasury staff has consulted with investment bankers. On the basis of those discussions, the staff has created the following table showing the firms debt cost at different debt levels: Elliott uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity. rs and estimates that the risk free rate is 5%, the market risk premium is 6%, and its tax rate is 25%. Elliott estimates that if it had no debt, its unleveled beta, bU, would be 1.2. a. What is the firms optimal capital structure, and what would be its WACC at the optimal capital structure? b. If Elliotts managers anticipate that the companys business risk will increase in the future, what effect would this likely have on the firms target capital structure? c. If Congress were to dramatically increase the corporate tax rate, what effect would this likely have on Elliotts target capital structure? d. Plot a graph of the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of equity, and the WACC versus (1) the debt/capital ratio and (2) the debt/equity ratio.arrow_forwardQUESTION Generally speaking, the cost of debt is cheaper than the cost of equity. Does it imply that a firm should increase its debt-to-equity ratio to as high as possible such that its corporate cost of capital can be minimized?arrow_forwardHow does a cost-efficient capital market help reduce the prices of goods and services? Describe the different ways in which capital can be transferred from suppliers of capital to those who are demanding capital. Is an initial public offering an example of a primary or a secondary market transaction? Indicate whether the following instruments are examples of money market or capital market securities. a. US Treasury bills b. Long-term corporate bonds c. Common stocks d. Preferred stocks e. Dealer commercial paper Briefly explain what is meant by the term efficiency continuum.arrow_forward
- Consider the trade-off theory of capital structure and the market timing theory in answering this question. A company can borrow at a favourable rate due to low interest rates but chooses not to do so due to the increased financial risk. Instead, it issues equity, despite the market not valuing its equity in excess of the company’s internal valuation. Required: Discuss which of the two abovementioned theories prevailed and provide a motivation for your answer.arrow_forwardDiscuss the factors that affect the WACC. Also discuss how these factors may differ somewhat from country to country. For example, if a company has a stronger balance sheet than other companies in its industry, investors will likely be willing to accept a lower interest rates on its bonds and this will lower the company’s overall cost of capital.arrow_forwardWhy is it important to include the tax effect into cost of capital computations for firms with debt financing? Multiple Choice taxable income is reduced by the amount of the interest expense. taxes are paid on interest but not on dividends. firms pay taxes on the outstanding principal amount of the debt. comparisons with equity financing would otherwise not be possible.arrow_forward
- Suppose that a new government is elected and it changes the law applying to firms to:• Allow dividend payments to be tax deductible• Stop interest expense on debt from being tax deductibleHolding other factors constant, and assuming that firms seek to maintain an optimal capital structure in accordance with trade-off theory, what would you expect to happen to the debt ratio of a firm with both equity and debt in its capital structure?a. An increase in the debt ratiob. A decrease in the debt ratioc. The debt ratio would be unchangedd. The debt ratio would doublee. None of the above or it is not possible to sayarrow_forwardWhich of the following about optimal capital structure is incorrect? Optimal capital structure is the mixed of debt and equity capital that minimizes the firm’s weighted average cost of capital A company that follows the pecking order theory will use external financing thru debt after exhausting all the possible financing thru equity The management empire-building theory views high interest payments as to prevent management from unreasonable spending A company can take advantage of its high corporate tax rate as tax shield, under the trade-off theoryarrow_forwarddiscuss the rationale behind the introduction of negative interest rate policies across economies worldwide. discuss the effect of increasing the amount paid upfront when corporations make capital purchases focusing on benefits and drawbacks discuss the significance of including the factor of inflation in corporate finance calculationarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a disadvantage of long-term debt as a means of company financing? Group of answer choices Debtholders have preferential status in the event of a company being wound up. Tax relief is available on interest payments. Debt is often quicker to arrange compared to equity. The amount and timing of interest payments is predictable, making budgeting easier.arrow_forwardDiscuss the usefulness of the DuPont Analysis in analyzing the drivers of companies’ profitability. In your discussion explain the effect of borrowing on the return on common equityarrow_forwardIt has been suggested that in a world with only corporate taxation the value of the firm = the value of all equity financed + the present value of tax shield on debt finance How far do existing capital structures of companies compare with the most appropriate structure according to the equation?arrow_forward
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