Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 18, Problem 2COQ
Mendel studied seven traits in garden pea plants, and this species happens to have seven different chromosomes. It has been pointed out that Mendel was very lucky not to have conducted crosses involving two traits governed by genes that are closely linked on the same chromosome, because the results would have confounded his theory of independent assortment. It has even been suggested that Mendel may not have published data involving traits that were linked! An article by Stig Blixt 1975. (Why Didn’t Gregor Mendel Find Linkage? Nature 256: 206, 1975) considers this issue. Look up this article, and discuss why Mendel did not find linkage.
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Why did Mendel perform "reciprocal crosses"?
Someone gives you a bag of yellow peas and you plant them in the Spring. Can you predict the color of the peas that will appear in the pods on the plants grown from these peas? Would your answer be different if you had received a bag of green peas?
Explain what Mendel means when he writes that the 3:1 ratio observed in the first generation from the hybrids "resolves itself" into a ratio of 2:1:1
Over the years, Mendel experimented with more than 30,000 pea plants. Why did Mendel collect data on so many plants? Why didn’t he study just one cross? Hint: Read “What Are the Odds?” on page 124 before answering.
When Mendel did his experiments, it was the case that the genes for each trait were on separate pairs of homologous chromosomes. For example, the genes for pod color were on one pair of chromosomes and the genes for the seed coat were on a different pair of chromosomes. What if the genes for the two traits were on the same chromosome? (That is, if the gene for pod color was on the same chromosome as the gene for seed coat.) Would Mendel’s 2nd Law still hold? Why or why not?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CSCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 18.6 - Prob. 2EQCh. 18.6 - Prob. 3EQCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 18 - Which of the following is an example of an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - A female mouse that is Igf2 Igf2 is crossed to a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4TYCh. 18 - Prob. 5TYCh. 18 - Prob. 6TYCh. 18 - Prob. 7TYCh. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Based on the ideas proposed by Morgan, which of...Ch. 18 - Extranuclear inheritance occurs because a. certain...Ch. 18 - Define epigenetics. Are all epigenetic changes...Ch. 18 - What is a Barr body? How is its structure...Ch. 18 - Core Concept: Information A core concept of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1COQCh. 18 - Mendel studied seven traits in garden pea plants,...
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- Gregor Mendel discovered the basis of heredity with his sweet pea plant experiments. In his studies, he determined that certain traits, such as pod color and pea shape, express complete dominance. A cross occurs between a plant with heterozygous yellow pods and wrinkled peas and a plant with green pods and heterozygous round peas. What is the probability that the offspring will exhibit recessive genes for both traits? A - 1/2B - 1/4C - 1/8D - 1/16arrow_forwardIn rabbits, black hair is due to a dominant allele B and brown hair to its recessive allele b. Short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). Show punnet squares In a cross between a homozygous black, longhaired rabbit and a brown, homozygous shorthaired one, what would the F1 generation look like? If you did not know the genotype of an F1 rabbit, you could determine its genotype by a test cross in which it is crossed with an animal with which phenotype AND genotype? If you carried out this test cross (from 2, using the F1 from 1), what phenotypes and in what ratio would you expect? What phenotypes in what ratio would be expected in the F2 generation of the cross in point 1?arrow_forwardA genetic engineer is going to cross two watermelon plants to produce seeds for a spring planting. He is breeding for size, and wants to have as many watermelons with the phenotype for long shape as possible. In watermelons, the allele for short shape (R) is dominant to the allele for long shape (r). Would crossing a watermelon homozygous recessive for the trait with a watermelon heterozygous for the trait give the most long watermelons possible? Explain your answer using Punnett Squares.arrow_forward
- Mendel crossed two pea plants with round seeds. All seeds of the F1 offspring were round. He then crossed an F1 plant with round seeds to a plant with wrinkled seeds and all offspring had wrinkled seeds. Finally, he intercrossed the F1 plants to produce the F2. Which of the following statements is true? Group of answer choices the trait does not breed true wrinkled is dominant; the F2 phenotypic ratio should be 3 wrinkled: 1 round wrinkled is dominant; the F2 phenotypic ratio should be 3 round: 1 wrinkled round is dominant; the F2 phenotypic ratio should be 3 round: 1 wrinkled round is dominant; the F2 phenotypic ratio should be 1 round: 2 semi-wrinkled: 1 wrinkledarrow_forwardWhen Gregor Mendel performed his breeding experiments on pea plants, he discovered that tallness in the plants is inherited through a simple dominant trait (coded "T") with shortness as the recessive trait (coded "t"). Imagine that Mendel bred a homozygous dominant pea plant with a pea plant heterozygous for tallness. Draw a Punnett Square to help you answer this question and the next one: In the 1st generation of offspring, we expect the genotypes (for tallness) to include… a) 50% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous b) 100% heterozygous c) 50% tall, 50% short d) 100% tall e) None of the abovearrow_forwardA woman with fair skin, blond hair, and blue eyes gives birth to fraternal twins; the father has dark brown skin, dark hair, and brown eyes. One twin has blond hair, brown eyes, and light skin, and the other has dark hair, brown eyes, and dark skin. What Mendelian law does this real-life case illustrate and explain what this means in terms of the inherited alleles for these genes?arrow_forward
- In rabbits, black hair is due to a dominant allele B and brown hair to its recessive allele b. Short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h). In a cross between a homozygous black, longhaired rabbit and a brown, homozygous shorthaired one, what would the F1 generation look like? If you did not know the genotype of an F1 rabbit, you could determine its genotype by a test cross in which it is crossed with an animal with which phenotype AND genotype If you carried out this test cross, what phenotypes and in what ratio would you expect? What phenotypes in what ratio would be expected in the F2 generation?arrow_forwardMendel used dihybrid crosses to test the idea that alleles for two different characters assort independently. In a typical dihybrid cross (such as RrTt x RrTt), what proportions of phenotypes would be expected in the offspring? Select one: a. 9:3:3:1 b. 4:4:4:4 c. 2:2 d. 3:1 e. 100% dominant phenotypearrow_forwardWhen Gregor Mendel performed his breeding experiments on pea plants, he discovered that tallness in the plants is inherited through a simple dominant trait (coded "T") with shortness as the recessive trait (coded "t"). Imagine that Mendel bred a homozygous dominant pea plant with a pea plant heterozygous for tallness. Draw a Punnett Square to help you answer this question and the next one: In the 1st generation of offspring, we expect the phenotypes (for tallness) to include… a) 50% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous b) 100% heterozygous c) 50% tall, 50% short d) 100% tall e) None of the abovearrow_forward
- When Mendel crossed in his P generation a yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants, all the offspring were yellow seeded. When he took these F1 yellow-seeded plants and crossed them with the original yellow-seeded plant from the P generation, what genotypic ratio was expected? Group of answer choices 1:2:1 3:1 1:1:1:1 1:1arrow_forwardSuppose you identify a new gene in mice. One of its alleles specifies white fur, another specifies brown. You want to see if these alleles are inherited in a Mendelian pattern, or with incomplete dominance. What crosses would give you the answer?arrow_forwardMendel wondered if the separation of alleles on one gene had any effect on the separation of alleles on another. To test this, Mendel looked at plants that were pure breeding for two traits at once—he crossed plants that were pure breeding for two traits with plants that were pure breeding for the opposite forms of the same traits. In conducting and analyzing those crosses, Mendel was able to discover predictable patterns and ratios in the phenotypes of the F1 and F2 offspring. Problem (Purpose) In this lab, you will explore mouse coat colour and eye colour as two separate genetic traits. Procedure Use the following information to answer the analysis questions. Black fur is dominant so the offspring must inherit one “F” allele to be black. White fur is recessive so the offspring must inherit two “f” alleles to be white. Black eyes are dominant so the offspring must inherit one “E” allele to be black eyed. Red eyes are recessive so the offspring must inherit two “e” alleles to…arrow_forward
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