Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 37P
To determine
Entropy increase in a system.
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Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 18.1 - The energy input to an engine is 3.00 times...Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.2QQCh. 18.4 - Prob. 18.3QQCh. 18.6 - (a) Suppose you select four cards at random from a...Ch. 18.7 - Which of the following is true for the entropy...Ch. 18.7 - An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature...Ch. 18.8 - True or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1OQCh. 18 - Prob. 2OQCh. 18 - A refrigerator has 18.0 kJ of work done on it...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 4OQCh. 18 - Consider cyclic processes completely characterized...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6OQCh. 18 - Prob. 7OQCh. 18 - Prob. 8OQCh. 18 - A sample of a monatomic ideal gas is contained in...Ch. 18 - Assume a sample of an ideal gas is at room...Ch. 18 - Prob. 11OQCh. 18 - Prob. 1CQCh. 18 - Prob. 2CQCh. 18 - Prob. 3CQCh. 18 - Prob. 4CQCh. 18 - Prob. 5CQCh. 18 - Prob. 6CQCh. 18 - Prob. 7CQCh. 18 - Prob. 8CQCh. 18 - Prob. 9CQCh. 18 - Prob. 10CQCh. 18 - Prob. 11CQCh. 18 - Discuss three different common examples of natural...Ch. 18 - The energy exhaust from a certain coal-fired...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1PCh. 18 - Prob. 2PCh. 18 - Prob. 3PCh. 18 - Prob. 4PCh. 18 - Prob. 5PCh. 18 - Prob. 6PCh. 18 - Prob. 7PCh. 18 - Prob. 8PCh. 18 - Prob. 9PCh. 18 - Prob. 10PCh. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - Prob. 12PCh. 18 - Prob. 13PCh. 18 - Prob. 14PCh. 18 - Argon enters a turbine at a rate of 80.0 kg/min, a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16PCh. 18 - A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18PCh. 18 - Prob. 19PCh. 18 - In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PCh. 18 - Prob. 22PCh. 18 - Prob. 23PCh. 18 - Prob. 24PCh. 18 - A heat pump used for heating shown in Figure...Ch. 18 - Prob. 26PCh. 18 - Prob. 27PCh. 18 - An ice tray contains 500 g of liquid water at 0C....Ch. 18 - Prob. 29PCh. 18 - Prob. 30PCh. 18 - Prob. 31PCh. 18 - (a) Prepare a table like Table 18.1 for the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - Prob. 34PCh. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - Prob. 36PCh. 18 - Prob. 37PCh. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - Prob. 39PCh. 18 - Prob. 40PCh. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - Prob. 42PCh. 18 - (a) Find the kinetic energy of the moving air in a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 45PCh. 18 - Prob. 46PCh. 18 - Prob. 47PCh. 18 - An idealized diesel engine operates in a cycle...Ch. 18 - Prob. 49PCh. 18 - Prob. 50PCh. 18 - Prob. 51PCh. 18 - Prob. 52PCh. 18 - Prob. 53PCh. 18 - Prob. 54PCh. 18 - Prob. 55PCh. 18 - Prob. 56PCh. 18 - Prob. 57PCh. 18 - Prob. 58PCh. 18 - Prob. 59PCh. 18 - Prob. 60PCh. 18 - Prob. 61PCh. 18 - Prob. 62PCh. 18 - A 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 64PCh. 18 - Prob. 65P
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- An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature Ti to a higher final temperature Tf along two different reversible paths. Path A is at constant pressure, and path B is at constant volume. What is the relation between the entropy changes of the gas for these paths? (a) SA SB (b) SA = SB (c) SA SBarrow_forwardAssume a sample of an ideal gas is at room temperature. What action will necessarily make the entropy of the sample increase? (a) Transfer energy into it by heat. (b) Transfer energy into it irreversibly by heat. (c) Do work on it. (d) Increase either its temperature or its volume, without letting the other variable decrease. (e) None of those choices is correct.arrow_forward(a) What is the change in entropy if you start with 100 coins in the 45 heads and 55 tails macrostate, toss them, and get 51 heads and 49 tails? (b) What if you get 75 heads and 25 tails? (c) How much more likely is 51 heads and 49 tails than 75 heads and 25 tails? (d) Dues either outcome violate the second law of thermodynamics?arrow_forward
- A sample of a monatomic ideal gas is contained in a cylinder with a piston. Its state is represented by the dot in the PV diagram shown in Figure OQ18.9. Arrows A through E represent isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic, and isovolumetric processes that the sample can undergo. In each process except D, the volume changes by a factor of 2. All five processes are reversible. Rank the processes according to the change in entropy of the gas from the largest positive value to the largest-magnitude negative value. In your rankings, display any cases of equality. Figure OQ18.9arrow_forward(a) What is the change in entropy if you start with 10 coins in the 5 heads and 5 tails macrostate, toss them, and get 2 heads and 8 tails? (b) How much more likely is 5 heads and 5 tails than 2 heads and 8 tails? (Take the ratio of the number of microstates to find out.) (c) If you were betting on 2 heads and 8 tails would you accept odds of 252 to 45? Explain Why or why not. Table 15.5 10Coin Toss MacrostateNumber of Microstates (W) Heads Tails 10 0 1 9 1 10 8 2 45 7 3 120 6 4 210 5 5 252 4 6 210 3 7 120 2 8 45 1 9 10 0 10 1 Total: 1024arrow_forwardA sample of a monatomic ideal gas is contained in a cylinder with a piston. Its stale is represented by the dot in the PV diagram shown in Figure OQ22.9. Arrows A through E represent isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic, and isovolumetric processes that the sample can undergo. In each process except D, the volume changes by a factor of 2. All five processes are reversible. Rank the processes according to the change in entropy of the gas from the largest positive value to the largest-magnitude negative value. In your rankings, display any cases of equality.arrow_forward
- A system consisting of n moles of an ideal gas with molar specific heat at constant pressure Cr undergoes two reversible processes. It starts with pressure Pi and volume Vi, expands isothermally, and then contracts adiabatically to reach a final state with pressure Pi and volume 3Vi. (a) Find its change in entropy in the isothermal process. (The entropy does not change in the adiabatic process.) (b) What If? Explain why the answer to part (a) must be the same as the answer to Problem 46. (You do not need to solve Problem 46 to answer this question.)arrow_forwardAt point A in a Carnot cycle, 2.34 mol of a monatomic ideal gas has a pressure of 1 4000 kPa, a volume of 10.0 L, and a temperature of 720 K. The gas expands isothermally to point B and then expands adiabatically to point C, where its volume is 24.0 L. An isothermal compression brings it to point D, where its volume is 15.0 L. An adiabatic process returns the gas to point A. (a) Determine all the unknown pressures, volumes, and temperatures as you f ill in the following table: (b) Find the energy added by heat, the work done by the engine, and the change in internal energy for each of the steps A B, B C, C D, and D A (c) Calculate the efficiency Wnet/|Qk|. (d) Show that the efficiency is equal to 1 - TC/TA, the Carnot efficiency.arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature Ti to a higher final temperature Tf along two different reversible paths as shown in Figure 21.15. Path A is at constant pressure, and path B is at constant volume. What is the relation between the entropy changes of the gas for these paths? (a) SA SB (b) SA = SB (c) SA SB Figure 21.15 (Quick Quiz 21.5) An ideal gas is taken from temperature Ti to Tf via two different paths.arrow_forward
- A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at 373 K to one at 273 K. What is the time rate of change of the universe's entropy for this process?arrow_forwardA 1.00-mol sample of a monatomic ideal gas is taken through the cycle shown in Figure P22.76. At point A, the pressure, volume, and temperature are Pi, Vi, and Ti, respectively. In terms of R and Ti, find (a) the total energy entering the system by heat per cycle, (b) the total energy leaving the system by heat per cycle, and (c) the efficiency of an engine operating in this cycle. (d) Explain how the efficiency compares with that of an engine operating in a Carnot cycle between the same temperature extremes.arrow_forward
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Flow, Entropy, and Microstates; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrwW4w2nAMc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY