MICROBIOLOGY W/ACCESS
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781266808685
Author: Cowan
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 9CTQ
Summary Introduction
To discuss:
The process by which a smallpox biological weapon could be effective or ineffective against a human population.
Concept introduction:
Smallpox is a serious viral disorder caused by the variola virus. Variola virus is an orthopoxvirus, an enveloped DNA virus. The infection starts with exposure of the virus in the nasopharynx and characterized by fever and malaise. After a few days, a rash appears in the pharynx and spreads to the face and other parts of the body.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Despite the concerns over vaccine-related side effects, vaccination programs have been relatively successful in eradicating many types of infectious diseases including smallpox, polio, and measles. Explain how this statement indicates that the vaccines developed are effective and have low risk of adverse effects to the recipients including infants, children, immunocompromised individual as well as older adults.
Vaccines are considered an essential public health intervention for immunization against
diseases. However, the said effort is challenged by the rhetorical construction of some
people who oppose it (also known as anti-vaxxers). It demonstrates a violation of basic
principles of ethics, especially in facing the current COVID-19 outbreak. Discuss FIVE
basic principles of ethics that the anti-vaxxers have violated. Support your arguments with
proper descriptions and examples.
Just last week the Energy Department now seems pretty confident that the coronavirus came from a lab leak:
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/26/us/politics/china-lab-leak-coronavirus-pandemic.html
The textbook discusses how the environment is part of the epidemiologic triangle. What is the epidemiologic triangle? (Figure 10-2, p.210). Why does it matter where this coronavirus started? Do you have any theories about how the virus was transmitted to humans?
Chapter 18 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY W/ACCESS
Ch. 18.1 - Describe the important anatomical features of the...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 18.2 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 2CFCh. 18.3 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 18.3 - Prob. 9AYP
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 10AYPCh. 18.4 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 18.5 - List the types of normal biota presently known to...Ch. 18.6 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 18.6 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 18 - Prob. 1CFCh. 18 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 18 - Which of the following is probably the most...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 18 - Prob. 11TFCh. 18 - Prob. 12TFCh. 18 - Prob. 13TFCh. 18 - Prob. 14TFCh. 18 - Prob. 15TFCh. 18 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 18 - a. Conduct additional research, and discuss...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 10CTQCh. 18 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18 - Prob. 1VCCh. 18 - Prob. 1CM
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- In relation to immunotechnology, answer the following: Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs and fully human MABs?arrow_forwardIn relation to immunotechnology, answer the following:Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs and fully human MABs?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes? Which option is the answer: 1. During Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a person is the most highly infectious for others during the period of peak viral load and symptoms 2. As it is transmitted through the global human population, the virus is highly genetically stable and does not change 3. Some people who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 will not develop signs and/or symptoms of disease 4. The severity of disease varies greatly, depending on age and/or underlying predisposing conditions 5. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants may sometimes be more transmissible than previous strainsarrow_forward
- One objection many people have about vaccinations is the amount and variety of chemicals in them. Many people don't realize how easy the ingredients are to find — they're required in the product inserts for each vaccination produced. Using the internet, go and find a product insert for a typical vaccine (e.g. influenza vaccine, HPV vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, etc.). Identify each component contained within it, the amount of that component, and briefly describe what that component does. Go to http://www.vaccinesafety.edu/package_inserts.htmarrow_forwardSelect all of the following that applies to the tradeoff between transmission and virulence that applies to many diseases. a) The tradeoff between transmission and virulence means that diseases always evolve to become more virulent. b) If greater virulence limits transmission, that disease will likely evolve to become less virulent than it could be. c) While making more copies of itself can increase the likelihood of transmission occurring, too much replication of the disease can make the host so sick it won't leave the house and spread the disease. d) A strain of a disease that replicates enough to be transmitted, but not so much that the host gets too sick to move, will be favored by natural selection over strains that either make the host too sick or do not replicate enough to be transmitted. e) If a disease can spread without making its host sick (e.g. when the host is asymptomatic), then the tradeoff between transmission and virulence…arrow_forwardComparing the number of infections, people catch cold so much more often than flu .Why haven’t we spent time and effort on developing vaccines to the cold virus ? a)The cold viral particle change over time, too difficult to develop a vaccine b)The cold viral remain stable over time and lose their ability to infect human over time c)The cold viral particle constantly change over time , catch a cold virus will result in vaccination for a long time d)There are too many strains of the cold virus and the symptoms are mildarrow_forward
- This article highlights a young doctor at Elmhurst Hospital during the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic. Dr. Zikry is quoted as saying: “It’s become very clear to me what a socioeconomic disease this is...”. In addition, the textbook discusses the personal variables and socioeconomic status (SES) that are used to find patterns in disease (pp.112-118). What do you think Dr. Zikry meant by referring to the SES of his patients? Why was it important to find a pattern of personal variables and SES among the of victims of Covid-19 at the beginning of the pandemic?arrow_forwardPolio (poliomyelitis) is a serious disease that either kills or paralyzes a large number of people (especially children) before the development of the vaccine. The first vaccine against polio was developed by the American doctor Dr. Salk in the 1950s. The effectiveness of the vaccine was studied using the following experimental setup: 400,000 elementary school children from grades 1, 2, and 3 participated in the experiment. 200,000 children were vaccinated and 200,000 children were not vaccinated. For each child in the experiment, a coin was flipped. If the result of the flip was heads, the child was placed in the treatment group and received the vaccine injection. If the result was tails, the child was placed in the control group and received a placebo injection (dummy vaccine). The health status of the children was then monitored over a certain period. The children participating in the experiment, their parents, the doctors who administered the injections, and the doctors who…arrow_forwardQ3) More than a century ago, Robert Koch realized that to prove the germ theory of disease, he would have to develop a standard for determining causation that would stand the test of scientific scrutiny. (a) Discuss how the principles of Robert Koch's postulate play an important role in modern epidemiology. (b) Explain how an asymptomatic patient can infect another person to the point of causing the person to experience acute symptoms and possibly death.arrow_forward
- This type of vaccine contains intact microbes, but the microbes are unable to replicate within the body. O 1) Live vaccine O 2) Killed vaccine 3) Attenuated vaccine 4) Subunit vaccinearrow_forwardTrue or false A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. COVID-19 virus contains RNA, not DNA, as a genetic material. Immunity is a host defense system against disease and specifically recognizes external materials (non-self materials) and eliminate them. RNA vaccines are faster and cheaper to produce than traditional vaccines, and a RNA vaccine is safer for the patient as they do not contain infectious elements. HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccination is very effective in preventing cervical cancer and more than 80 % of Japanese has taken this vaccine. Edward Jenner first proposed protective vaccine against plague in the 18th century. Herd immunity protects infection of vaccinated population but not in the unvaccinated population. Long term health problems after COVID-19 infection is called Long COVID. Cerebellum of the brain co-ordinates muscle movements. Neuron is a special type of cells in the brain and…arrow_forwardThe Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is a US National Institutes of Health initiative that was launched in 2008 with a 5-year mission to generate resources enabling comprehensive characterization of the human microbiome and analysis of its role in human health and disease. As of October 2012, approximately 5,000 samples had been collected from 129 men and 113 women. Body sites sampled included the mouth, nose, skin, lower intestine (stool samples), and vagina. HMP researchers have calculated that more than 10,000 microbial species occupy the human ecosystem and that they have identified between 81% and 99% of the genera. What microorganisms are identified in the vagina and their potential functions/roles of these microbial populations to human health based on the dataarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education