* A toy has two red LEDs (
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- Two 1.5-V batteries are required in a flashlight. a. If the batteries are connected as shown in configuration 1 in Figure P27.18, what is the potential difference between points A and B? b. If, instead, the batteries are connected as shown in configuration 2, what is the potential difference between points A and B? c. Use your answers to figure out why a flashlight with two good batteries may not light up. FIGURE P27.18arrow_forwardSuppose you need to measure the potential difference between the points in Figure P29.4. Assume the voltmeter reading is the potential difference between the two leads: V = Vred Vblack. For each of the following measurements, determine at which point you would connect the red lead and at which point you would connect the black lead: a. Vb Va. b. Vc Vb. c. Vd Vc. d. Va Vd. FIGURE P29.4 Problems 4, 5, and 6.arrow_forwardA regular tetrahedron is a pyramid with a triangular base and triangular sides as shown in Figure P28.73. Imagine the six straight lines in Figure P28.73 are each 10.0- resistors, with junctions at the four vertices. A 12.0-V battery is connected to any two of the vertices. Find (a) the equivalent resistance of the tetrahedron between these vertices and (b) the current in the batten.arrow_forward
- The circuit in Figure P27.35 has been connected for several seconds. Find the current (a) in the 4.00-V battery, (b) in the 3.00- resistor, (c) in the 8.00-V battery, and (d) in the 3.00-V battery. (e) Find the charge on the capacitor. Figure P27.35arrow_forwardA charge Q is placed on a capacitor of capacitance C. The capacitor is connected into the circuit shown in Figure P26.37, with an open switch, a resistor, and an initially uncharged capacitor of capacitance 3C. The switch is then closed, and the circuit comes to equilibrium. In terms of Q and C, find (a) the final potential difference between the plates of each capacitor, (b) the charge on each capacitor, and (c) the final energy stored in each capacitor. (d) Find the internal energy appearing in the resistor. Figure P26.37arrow_forwardFour resistors are connected to a battery as shown in Figure P21.40. The current in the battery is I, the battery emf is , and the resistor values are R1 = R, R2 = 2R, R3 = 4R, and R4 = 3R. (a) Rank the resistors according to the potential difference across them, from largest to smallest. Note any cases of equal potential differences. (b) Determine the potential difference across each resistor in terms of . (c) Rank the resistors according to the current in them, from largest to smallest. Note any cases of equal currents. (d) Determine the current in each resistor in terms of I. (e) If R3 is increased, what happens to the current in each of the resistors? (f) In the limit that R3 , what are the new values of the current in each resistor in terms of I, the original current in the battery? Figure P21.40arrow_forward
- A ski resort consists of a few chairlifts and several interconnected downhill runs on the side of a mountain, with a lodge at the bottom. The lifts are analogous to batteries, and the runs are analogous to resistors. Describe how two runs can be in series. Describe how three runs can be in parallel. Sketch a junction of one lift and two runs. One of the skiers is carrying an altimeter. State Kirchhoffs junction rule and Kirchhoffs loop rule for ski resorts.arrow_forwardThe Van de Graaff generator, diagrammed in Figure P26.24, is an electrostatic device that can raise the metal dome to a high voltage. The dome of such a generator is seen on the left in Figure 22.1a. In the device, charge is delivered continuously to the high-potential dome by means of a moving belt of insulating material. The belt is charged at point by means of a discharge between comb-like metallic needles and a grounded grid. The needles are maintained at a positive electric potential of typically 104 V. The positive charge on the moving belt is transferred to the dome by a second comb of needles at point . Because the electric field inside the dome is negligible, the positive charge on the belt is easily transferred to the dome from its interior regardless of its potential. Suppose the generator is operating so that the potential difference between the high potential dome and the charging needles at is 15.0 kV. Calculate the power required to drive the belt against electrical forces at an instant when the effective current delivered to the dome is 500 A. Figure P26.24arrow_forward(a) A defibrillator sends a 6.00-A current through the chest of a patient by applying a 10,000-V potential as in the figure below. What is the resistance of the path? (b) The defibrillator paddles make contact with the patient through a conducting gel that greatly reduces the path resistance. Discuss the difficulties that would ensue if a larger voltage were used to produce the same current through the patient, but with the path having perhaps 50 times the resistance. (Hint: The current must be about the same, so a higher voltage would imply greater power. Use this equation for power: P=I2 RP = .)arrow_forward
- The circuit in Figure P18.55 has been connected for several seconds. Find the current (a) in the 4.00-V battery,(b) in the 3.00- resistor,(c)in the 8.00-V battery, and (d)in the 3.00-V battery.(e)Find the charge on the capacitor.arrow_forwardA battery with an internal resistance of 10.0 produces an open circuit voltage of 12.0 V. A variable load resistance with a range from 0 to 30.0 is connected across the battery. (Note: A battery has a resistance that depends on the condition of its chemicals and that increases as the battery ages. This internal resistance can be represented in a simple circuit diagram as a resistor in series with the battery.) (a) Graph the power dissipated in the load resistor as a function of the load resistance. (b) With your graph, demonstrate the following important theorem: The power delivered to a load is a maximum if the load resistance equals the internal resistance of the source.arrow_forwardThe- pair of capacitors in Figure P28.63 are fully charged by a 12.0-V battery. The battery is disconnected, and the switch is then closed. Alter 1.00 ms has elapsed, (a) how much charge remains 011 the 3.00-F capacitor? (b) How much charge remains on the 2.00-F capacitor? (c) What is the current in the resistor at this time?arrow_forward
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