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Review. To measure how far below the ocean surface a bird dives to catch a fish, a scientist uses a method originated by Lord Kelvin. He dusts the interiors of plastic tubes with powdered sugar and then seals one end of each tube. He captures the bird at nighttime in its nest and attaches a tube to its back. He then catches the same bird the next night and removes the tube. In one trial, using a tube 6.50 cm long, water washes away the sugar over a distance of 2.70cm from the open end of the tube. Find the greatest depth to which the bird dived, assuming the air in the tube stayed at constant temperature.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update, Hybrid Edition (with Enhanced WebAssign Multi-Term LOE Printed Access Card for Physics)
- A rubber balloon is filled with 1 L of air at 1 atm and 300 K and is then put into a cryogenic refrigerator at 100 K. The rubber remains flexible as it cools. (i) What happens to the volume of the balloon? (a) It decreases to 13L. (b) It decreases to 1/3L. (c) It is constant. (d) It increases to 3L. (e) It increases to 3 L. (ii) What happens to the pressure of the air in the balloon? (a) It decreases to 13atm. (b) It decreases to 1/3atm. (c) It is constant. (d) It increases to 3atm. (e) It increases to 3 atm.arrow_forwardWhen a gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, which of the following statements is true? (a) The temperature of the gas does not change. (b) No work is done by the gas. (c) No energy is transferred to the gas by heat. (d) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (e) The pressure increases.arrow_forwardConsider the piston cylinder apparatus shown in Figure P20.81. The bottom of the cylinder contains 2.00 kg of water at just under 100.0c. The cylinder has a radius of r = 7.50 cm. The piston of mass m = 3.00 kg sits on the surface of the water. An electric heater in the cylinder base transfers energy into the water at a rate of 100 W. Assume the cylinder is much taller than shown in the figure, so we dont need to be concerned about the piston reaching the top of the cylinder. (a) Once the water begins boiling, how fast is the piston rising? Model the steam as an ideal gas. (b) After the water has completely turned to steam and the heater continues to transfer energy to the steam at the same rate, how fast is the piston rising?arrow_forward
- If a gas is compressed isothermally, which of the following statements is true? (a) Energy is transferred into the gas by heat. (b) No work is done on the gas. (c) The temperature of the gas increases. (d) The internal energy of the gas remains constant. (e) None of those statements is true.arrow_forwardA high-pressure gas cylinder contains 70.0 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 1.60 107 N/m2 and a temperature of 12.0°C. Its valve leaks after the cylinder is dropped. The cylinder is cooled to dry ice temperatures (−78.5°C), to reduce the leak rate and pressure so that it can be safely repaired. (a) What is the final pressure in the tank, assuming a negligible amount of gas leaks while being cooled and that there is no phase change? N/m2(b) What is the final pressure if one-tenth of the gas escapes? N/m2(c) To what temperature must the tank be cooled to reduce the pressure to 1.00 atm (assuming the gas does not change phase and that there is no leakage during cooling)?arrow_forward1. Which order of magnitude does the SI prefix “mega-“ (M) represent? A. 103 B. 106 C. 109 D. 1012 2. 2.34 kW is equal to A. 2 340 W. B. 23 400 W. C. 234 000 W. D. 2 340 000 W. 3. How many seconds (s) are there in 1 hour 20 minutes? A. 80 s B. 380 s C. 4800 s D. 87 600 s 4. It takes a kettle 5 minutes to transfer 540 kJ of energy to boil some water. What is the power of the kettle? A. 1080 W B. 1800 W C. 9000 W D. 108 000 W 5. A heater of power 1200 W is switched on for an hour and a half. How much heat is given out from the heater? A. 2.16 kJ B. 6.48 kJ C. 2.16 MJ D. 6.48 MJ 6. An immersion heater has a power of 1500 W. How long does it take to supply 3 000 000 J of heat? A. 2 minutes B. 5 minutes C. 20 minutes D. 33 minutes 7. An immersion heater is connected to power supply via a joulemeter. The figure below shows the variation of the reading of the joulemeter with time. Estimate the power of the immersion heater. A. 582 W B. 723…arrow_forward
- A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0 L of toxic gas at a pressure of 1.40×107 N/m2 and a temperature of 25.0ºC . Its valve leaks after the cylinder is dropped. The cylinder is cooled to dry ice temperature (–78.5ºC) to reduce the leak rate and pressure so that it can be safely repaired. (a) What is the final pressure in the tank, assuming a negligible amount of gas leaks while being cooled and that there is no phase change? (b) What is the final pressure if one-tenth of the gas escapes? (c) To what temperature must the tank be cooled to reduce the pressure to 1.00 atm (assuming the gas does not change phase and that there isno leakage during cooling)? (d) Does cooling the tank appear to be a practical solution?arrow_forwardA flow calorimeter is an apparatus used to measure the specific heat of a liquid. The technique of flow calorimetry involves measuring the temperature difference between the input and output points of a flowing stream of the liquid while energy is added by heat at a known rate. A liquid of density 900 kg/m3 flows through the calorimeter with volume flow rate of 2.00 L/min. At steady state, a temperature difference 3.50°C is established between the input and output points when energy is supplied at the rate of 200 W.What is the specific heat of the liquid?arrow_forwardGiven 1 mol of a monatomic ideal gas and 1 mol of a diatomic ideal gas, it is known that after a process, both gases undergo the same change in internal energy. Regarding the temperature variation, we can say that: a) Nothing can be said because the answer depends on the chemical elements that make up the molecules.b) The temperature change is greater in diatomic gas.c) The temperature variation is greater in monatomic gas.d) The gases undergo the same change in temperature.arrow_forward
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