A rubber balloon is filled with 1 L of air at 1 atm and 300 K and is then put into a cryogenic refrigerator at 100 K. The rubber remains flexible as it cools. (i) What happens to the volume of the balloon? (a) It decreases to
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
- One of a dilute diatomic gas occupying a volume of 10.00 L expands against a constant pressure of 2.000 atm when it is slowly heated. If the temperature of the gas rises by 10.00 K and 400.0 J of heat are added in the process, what is its final volume?arrow_forwardAn aluminum rod 0.500 m in length and with a cross-sectional area of 2.50 cm2 is inserted into a thermally insulated vessel containing liquid helium at 4.20 K. The rod is initially at 300 K. (a) If one-half of the rod is inserted into the helium, how many liters of helium boil off by the time the inserted half cools to 4.20 K? Assume the upper half does not yet cool. (b) If the circular surface of the upper end of the rod is maintained at 300 K, what is the approximate boil-off rate of liquid helium in liters per second after the lower half has reached 4.20 K? (Aluminum has thermal conductivity of 3 100 W/m K at 4.20 K; ignore its temperature variation. The density of liquid helium is 125 kg/m3.)arrow_forwardAn ideal gas initially at 300 K undergoes an isobaric expansion at 2.50 kPa. If the volume increases from 1.00 m3 to 3.00 m3 and 12.5 kJ is transferred to the gas by heat, what are (a) the change in its internal energy and (b) its final temperature?arrow_forward
- A sample of a monatomic ideal gas occupies 5.00 L at atmospheric pressure and 300 K (point A in Fig. P17.68). It is warmed at constant volume to 3.00 atm (point B). Then it is allowed to expand isothermally to 1.00 atm (point C) and at last compressed isobarically to its original state. (a) Find the number of moles in the sample. Find (b) the temperature at point B, (c) the temperature at point C, and (d) the volume at point C. (e) Now consider the processes A B, B C, and C A. Describe how to carry out each process experimentally. (f) Find Q, W, and Eint for each of the processes. (g) For the whole cycle A B C A, find Q, W, and Eint. Figure P17.68arrow_forwardIn a chemical processing plant, a reaction chamber of fixed volume V0 is connected to a reservoir chamber of fixed volume 4V0 by a passage containing a thermally insulating porous plug. The plug permits the chambers to be at different temperatures. The plug allows gas to pass from either chamber to the other, ensuring that the pressure is the same in both. At one point in the processing, both chambers contain gas at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 27.0C. Intake and exhaust valves to the pair of chambers are closed. The reservoir is maintained at 27.0C while the reaction chamber is heated to 400C. What is the pressure in both chambers after that is done?arrow_forwardFor a temperature increase of 10 at constant volume, what is the heat absorbed by (a) 3.0 mol of a dilute monatomic gas; (b) 0.50 mol of a dilute diatomic gas; and (c) 15 mol of a dilute polyatomic gas?arrow_forward
- A popular brand of cola contains 6.50 g of carbon dioxide dissolved in 1.00 L of soft drink. If the evaporating carbon dioxide is trapped in a cylinder at 1.00 atm and 20.0C, what volume does the gas occupy?arrow_forwardSuppose 1.70 mol of oxygen is heated at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm from 10.0°C to 23.0°C. What is the magnitude of the work done by the gas during this expansion? The magnitude of the work done by the gas is J.arrow_forward0.04 m3 of gas at a pressure of 1482 KN/m2 is expanded isothermally unit volume is 0.09 m3, calculate the work done during the expansion.arrow_forward
- One mole of an ideal gas initially at a temperature of Ti = 7.4°C undergoes an expansion at a constant pressure of 1.00 atm to nine times its original volume. Calculate the work done on the gas during the expansion.arrow_forwardIn the lungs, the respiratory membrane separates tiny sacs of air (absolute pressure=1.00x105 Pa) from the blood in the capillaries. These sacs are called alveoli, and it is from them that oxygen enters the blood. The average radius of the alveoli is 0.125 mm, and the air inside contains 14% oxygen, which is somewhat smaller amount than in fresh air. Assuming that the air behaves as an ideal gas at body temperature (310 K), find the number of oxygen molecules in one of the sacs.arrow_forwardA cylinder with a piston contains 0.110 molmol of nitrogen at 1.80×105 PaPa and 310 KK . The nitrogen may be treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed isobarically to half its original volume. It then expands adiabatically back to its original volume, and finally it is heated isochorically to its original pressure. A. Find the work done by the gas during the initial compression. B. Find the heat added to the gas during the initial compression. C. Find internal-energy change of the gas during the initial compression.arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning