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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The number of ester linkages in the given triacylglycerol molecules have to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Triacylglycerol is produced by the reaction of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. The three hydroxyl groups of glycerol get esterified on reaction with fatty acids.
(b)
Interpretation: The number of
Concept introduction: Triacylglycerol is produced by the reaction of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. The three hydroxyl groups of glycerol get esterified on reaction with fatty acids.
(c)
Interpretation: The number of PUFAs residues in the given triacylglycerol molecules have to be predicted.
Concept introduction: PUFA means poly unsaturated fatty acids or those fatty acids which contain two or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
(d)
Interpretation: The number of stearic acid residues in the given triacylglycerol molecules have to be predicted.
Concept introduction: Stearic acid
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Chapter 19 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Seventh Edition
- 1) Please list all glycosidic linkages between each monosaccharide units. For example, α(1→4)2) Please discuss whether these oligo/polysaccharides would be reducing or non-reducing sugar. Remember to state your reasoning in complete sentence.arrow_forwardisomaltose is a disaccharide which can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of amylopectin. Deduce the structure of isomaltose from the following data: a. The hydrolysis of 1 mole of isomaltose with acid or alpha-glucosidase yields 2 moles of D- glucose. b. Isomaltose is a reducing sugar c. Isomaltose is oxidized with bromine water to isomaltonic acid. Insomaltonic acid methylation followed by hydrolysis yielded 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2,3,4,5- tetra-O-methyl-D-gluconate acid. d. Isomaltose methylation itself followed by hydrolysis to produce 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl- D-glucose and 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose. Describe according to the four points abovearrow_forwardClassify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated.a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid?c. To which “omega” family of fatty acids does this fatty acid belong? d. What is the “delta” designation for the carbon chain double-bond location for this fatty acid?arrow_forward
- Classify each of the following sugar pairs as enantiomers, diastereomers, epimers, or an aldose–ketose pair. a. D-erythrose and D-threose b. D-glucose and D-mannose c. D-ribose and L-ribose d. D-allose and D-galactose e. D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetonearrow_forwardPropose a plausible enzyme mechanism for triose kinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. You may use "B:" for a general base amino and "H-A" for a general acid amino acid if needed.arrow_forwardModern medicine now uses insulin analogues (where one or more of the amino acid residues has been changed) in the treatment of diabetes. In one such analogue, glargine insulin, the changes have increased the isoelectric point of the enzyme from 5.4 to 6.7, thereby reducing its solubility at physiological pH. Explain how changes in the primary amino acid sequence can alter the pI and solubility of the analogue without altering its interaction with blood glucose.arrow_forward
- Using the tree structures for the following monosaccharides and comparing to that for glucose, draw the structures of the following: A. tree (Fischer) structures of: D-mannose and L-mannose B. ring structures of alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-mannose, alpha-L-mannose, and beta-L-mannose Draw the ring (Haworth) structures as 6-membered pyranoses, being careful to show the positions of the hydroxyl groups above or below the plane of the ring.arrow_forwardOf the 20 protein-derived amino acids shown in Table 27.1, how many contain Q.) an aromatic ringarrow_forwardAcetocholinesterase is an enzyme possessing a single active site that metabolizesacetylcholine with a turn over number of 1.4 x 10^4s-1. How many grams of acetylcholine(molecular formula C7NO2H16+) will 2.16 x 10^-6 g acetocholinesterase metabolize in 60minutes? (The enzyme’s molecular mass is 4.2 x 10^4 g/mol).arrow_forward
- Trehalose, also known as mycose, is a disaccharide found in certain mushrooms. It is composed of two a-D-glucose linked in a aa(1à1) glycosidic bond. Using Haworth projection, draw the structure of trehalose. Indicate whether it is reducing or non-reducing.arrow_forwardCellulose and glycogen are both polymers of glucose, but they have very different functions. Select all of the statements below that are true (this is a multi-select question). One important difference between cellulose and glycogen is that the cellulose has a(1→6) branches, which greatly increases the "connectiveness" within the structure. One important difference between cellulose and glycogen is that cellulose is a B(14) linked glucan, while glycogen is an a(1→4) linked glucan. The major cause of the functional difference is that glycogen is stored in the cytosol, whereas cellulose is a component of the cell walls. Cellulose is flexible due to the noncovalent interactions between the B(1-4) linked strands of glucose: the polymer can bend without breaking covalent bonds. Cellulose is more "stretchy" than glycogen, since its structure is held together only by the relatively weak hydrogen bonds.arrow_forwardClassify the fatty acid with the following structural formula in the ways indicated. COOH a. What is the type designation (SFA, MUFA, or PUFA) for this fatty acid? b. On the basis of carbon chain length and degree of unsaturation, what is the numerical shorthand designation for this fatty acid? c. To which "omega" family of fatty acids does this fatty acid belong? d. What is the “delta" designation for the carbon chain double-bond location for this fatty acid?arrow_forward
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