Concept explainers
Connecting the Concepts
1. In the primate phylogenetic tree below, fill in groups (a)–(e). Of the groups, which are anthropoids and which are apes?
To complete: The primate phylogenic tree (containing apes and anthropoids).
Introduction:
Primates are evolved about 65 million years ago. The characters of primates include limber joints, grasping hands and feet with flexible digits, a short snout, and forward-pointing eyes. Living primates are lorises, bush babies, and lemurs; the tarsiers; and anthropoids (monkeys and apes).
All primates are anthropoids: gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans, but humans and chimpanzees are apes. Apes have larger brains than other primates, which include gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans.
Answer to Problem 1CC
Fig. 1 represents various groups of the primate phylogenic tree.
Pictorial representation: A phylogenetic tree showing various groups of primates is given in Fig. 1.
Fig.1: The primate phylogenic tree.
Explanation of Solution
(a)
Correct answer: Old world monkeys.
Old world monkeys are primates that belong to the super family Cercopithecoidea. Old world monkeys have tails. Hence, the correct answer is old world monkeys.
(b)
Correct answer: Gibbons.
Gibbons are the small, arboreal apes. They are distributed in the wild, in the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia. Hence the correct answer is gibbons.
(c)
Correct answer: Orangutans.
Orangutans are great apes, and they are closely related to humans. Hence, the correct answer is orangutans.
(d)
Correct answer: Gorillas.
Gorillas are ground-dwelling, herbivorous apes. They live mostly in the forests of central Sub-Saharan Africa. They show many human-like behaviors and emotions, (laughter and sadness). Hence, the correct answer is gorillas.
(e)
Correct answer: Chimpanzees.
Chimpanzees are the species of apes that are most closely related to humans. Chimpanzees are found in tropical forests and savannas of equatorial Africa. Hence, the correct answer is chimpanzees.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts And Connections, First Canadian Edition Plus Masteringbiology With Pearson Etext -- Access Card Package
- 1. Differenciate the difference between taxonomy and systematics and give a brief examplanation about their relations. 2. Give certain primitive characters with all members of kingdom Animalia (adapted from Krempel's and Lee, p.7-9). List four primitive characters all humans share with all other animal, but not with any other living things. 3. List as many derived characters as possible that make Homo Sapiens different from all other great apes. Restrict your list to truly BIOLOGICAL characters.arrow_forwardNeanderthal fossils were first discovered in the nineteenth century. Study of their morphology suggested that Neanderthals were more closely related to humans than any living species of primate was. Much later, it became possible to sequence DNA from Neanderthal fossils and compare the sequences to those from other primates. Did the results confirm or refute the earlier conclusions based on morphology? Explain.arrow_forward5c. What is wrong with this sentence “Humans are closely related to apes”?arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts 1. What are the wings of birds and bees are an example of? 1. a homologous character 2. convergent evolution 3. derived characters 4. mosaic evolution 5. ancestral charactersarrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?arrow_forwardThis phylogenetic tree shows that: All of these Elephants evolved from hyraxes. Tapirs are the most highly evolved mammals in this group. Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cetaceans than they are to pigs. Pigs are the common ancestors of cetaceans and hippopotamuses.arrow_forward
- INTERPRET DATA Which of the primates in Figure 18-18 is the most distantly related to humans? Explain your answer. Figure 18-18 Differences in DNA nucleotide sequences as evidence of evolutionary relationships Comparing the same gene in different organisms provides a window into evolution. Here the differences in the non-protein-coding region of the -globin gene are compared between humans and other primates. Evolutionary biologists are rapidly expanding such studies from comparing one or several genes to comparing entire genomes.arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenetic reconstruction for the hypothetical frog species. Once you have a cladogram you feel confident about, use lines and labels on cladogram to indicate where character states hanged. How many evolutionary changes occurred in your phylogeny? Is there evidence of an evolutionary convergence having occurred in your phylogeny? How about evolutionary reversals?arrow_forwardA study inferred a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on sequence data from a specific gene. Numbers represent bootstrap support values for each clade. Based on the study's findings, how certain should we be that marsupials are sister to placental mammals, rather than monotremes? What number is used to represent this certainty, and how was it calculated?arrow_forward
- Only when extensive genetic data became available were scientists able to definitively resolve the relationship between humans, chimpanzees and gorillas. Explain why the relationship between these three species was a particularly difficult challenge to solve. Important point. Explain why the relationship between these three species was a particularly difficult challenge to solve??arrow_forwardChoose about the cladogram/phylogenetic tree/evolutionary steps of plants, or animals or chordates - write those 4 steps and what organisms share those characteristicsarrow_forwarda)Describe key developments related to primate evolution associated with the time periods below: Palaeocene: Eocene: Oligocene: Miocene: b)List plausible descendants to these ancestral primates: Omomyyoid: Adapiform: Aegyptopithecus: Khoratpithecus: Proconsul:arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning