Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305544703
Author: STARR
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 19, Problem 1DAA
The Changing Earth Studies of ancient rocks and fossils can reveal changes that have taken place during Earth’s existence. FIGURE 19.13 shows how asteroid impacts and the composition of the atmosphere are thought to have changed over time. Use this figure and information in the chapter to answer the following questions.
FIGURE 19.13 Charges in the abundance of asteroid impacts (green), atmosphere carbon dioxide concentration (pink), and atmospheric oxygen (blue) over geologic time.
1. Which occurred first, a decline in asteroid impacts, or a rise in the atmospheric level of oxygen (O2)?
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 19 - According to the big bang theory, _______. a. the...Ch. 19 - An abundance of _______ in Earth's early...Ch. 19 - The Changing Earth Studies of ancient rocks and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2DAACh. 19 - Prob. 3DAACh. 19 - Prob. 4DAACh. 19 - Stanley Millers experiment demonstrated...Ch. 19 - According to one hypothesis, negatively charged...Ch. 19 - The prevalence of _______ in living organisms is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6SQ
Ch. 19 - Among prokaryotes, only the cyanobacteria _______....Ch. 19 - The evolution of _____ resulted in an increase in...Ch. 19 - Bacteria that cause the disease typhus arc close...Ch. 19 - Infoldings of the plasma membrane into the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 11SQCh. 19 - A stromatolite is a structure __________. a....Ch. 19 - Prob. 13SQCh. 19 - Evidence that Mars __________ suggests that it may...Ch. 19 - Chronologically arrange the evolutionary events,...Ch. 19 - Researchers looking for fossils or the earliest...Ch. 19 - The astronomer Carl Sagan once said, "We are made...Ch. 19 - How did the evolution of oxygen-releasing...
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- The numbers of the bottom of the chart represents the number of years. What do you think is/are the reasons on the rise and decline of oxygen levels on earth as years go by?arrow_forwardWhich of the following do not provide evidence that a meteor strike was a partial cause of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction? a. A potential meteor crater off the coast of Mexico b. High layers of iridium in soil deposits in the geologic record at that time c. Shocked quartz was formed in large quantities at that time around the potential impact site d. An ozone hole appeared in the atmosphere at the time of the meteor strikearrow_forwardWhich of the following events occurred earliest in Earth’s history? a. Membrane-enclosed structures developed. b. O2 gas accumulated in the atmosphere. c. Organic molecules formed. d. CO2 gas appeared in the atmospherearrow_forward
- What argument convinced most scientists in the 1800s that Earth was more than 6,000 years old? The discovery of fossils Arguing that everyday observable geological processes (like erosion) could explain large geological features if they had occurred for millions of years, rather than large catastrophic events that happened suddenly The discovery that radioactive isotopes could be used to determine historical dates The discovery that Earth orbits around the sun, rather than the sun orbiting around Eartharrow_forwardVolcanic ash can be used to date fossil finds because each time it is expelled by an eruption it has the same relative proportions of radioactive isotopes. True or Falsearrow_forwardChanges in the Air To assess the impact of human activity on the carbon dioxide level in Earth's atmosphere, it helps to take a long view. One useful data set comes from deep core samples of Antarctic ice. The oldest ice core that has been fully analyzed dates back a bit more than 400,000 years. Air bubbles trapped in the ice provide information about the gas content in Earth's atmosphere at the time the ice formed. Combining ice core data with more recent direct measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxideas in FIGURE 46.20can help scientists put current changes in the atmospheric carbon dioxide into historical perspective. FIGURE 46.20 Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (in parts per million). Direct measurements began in 1980. Earlier data are based on ice cores. 4. Was the rise in the carbon dioxide level between 1800 and 1975 larger or smaller than the rise between 1980 and 2013?arrow_forward
- Changes in the Air To assess the impact of human activity on the carbon dioxide level in Earth's atmosphere, it helps to take a long view. One useful data set comes from deep core samples of Antarctic ice. The oldest ice core that has been fully analyzed dates back a bit more than 400,000 years. Air bubbles trapped in the ice provide information about the gas content in Earth's atmosphere at the time the ice formed. Combining ice core data with more recent direct measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxideas in FIGURE 46.20can help scientists put current changes in the atmospheric carbon dioxide into historical perspective. FIGURE 46.20 Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels (in parts per million). Direct measurements began in 1980. Earlier data are based on ice cores. The industrial revolution occurred around 1800. What was the trend in carbon dioxide level in the 800 years prior to this event? What about in the 175 years after it?arrow_forwardAn abundance of___________ in Earths early atmosphere would have prevented the spontaneous assembly of organic compounds on early Earth. a. hydrogen b. methane c. oxygen d. nitrogenarrow_forwardIf the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000 years, then a sample in which three-quarters of that radioisotope has decayed is _______ years old. a. 15,000 b. 26,667 c. 30,000 d. 40,000arrow_forward
- Large amounts of oxygen gas first appeared in Earth's atmosphere about ______ years ago. 10 million 2.7 billion 3.5 billion 500,000arrow_forwardWhich specific theories (provide the name of the theory and its definition) challenge Archbishop James Ussher's belief that the earth was created on October 22, 4004 BC at 9 pm? Why do we study Ussher when his date of the earth has been shown to be wrong by a large amount of evidence?arrow_forwardAnalyze the following data table indicating the amount of Carbon Dioxide in Earth's atmosphere at certain periods of Earth's history. Millions of Years Ago 500 300 200 100 Carbon Dioxide Level (in parts per million) 6000 500 2000 1750 Identify which of the time periods would have been the warmest and describe how the concentration of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide influence the temperature of Earth's atmosphere.arrow_forward
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