Concept explainers
A dye is injected into the circulating blood volume to measure a patient's cardiac output, which is the volume flow rate of blood out of the left ventricle of the heart. In other words, cardiac output is the number of liters of blood your heart pumps in a minute. For a person at rest, the rate might be 5 or 6 liters per minute. If you are a trained marathon runner running a marathon, your cardiac output can be as high as 30 L/min. The data below shows the response of an individual when 5 mg of dye was injected into the venous system.
Time (s) | 2 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 20 | 24 |
Concentration (mg/L) | 0 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Fit a polynomial curve through the data points and use the function to approximate the patient's cardiac output, which can be calculated by:
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Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK NUMERICAL METHODS FOR ENGINEERS
- The population of a community is known to increase at a rate proportional to the number of people present at time t. If an initial population P, has doubled in 7 years, how long will it take to triple? (Round your answer to one decimal place.) yr How long will it take to quadruple? (Round your answer to one decimal place.) yr еВookarrow_forwardAs we explained in earlier chapters, the air resistance to the motion of a vehicle is something important that engineers investigate. The drag force acting on a car is determined experimentally by placing the car in a wind tunnel. The air speed inside the tunnel is changed, and the drag force acting on the car is measured. For a given car, the experimental data generally is represented by a single coefficient that is called drag coefficient. It is defined by the following relationship: F, where air resistance for a car that has a listed C, = drag coefficient (unitless) measured drag force (N) drag coefficient of 0.4 and width of 190 cm and height of 145 cm. Vary the air speed in the range of 15 m/sarrow_forwardThe gravitational constant g is 9.807 m/s² at sea level, but it decreases as you go up in elevation. A useful equation for this decrease In g is g= a - bz, where z is the elevation above sea level, a = 9.807 m/s², and b=3.32 x 10-61/s². An astronaut "weighs" 80.0 kg at sea level. [Technically this means that his/her mass is 80.0 kg.] Calculate this person's weight in N while floating around in the International Space Station (z=325 km). If the Space Station were to suddenly stop in its orbit, what gravitational acceleration would the astronaut feel Immediately after the satellite stopped moving? The person's weight in N while floating around in the International Space Station Is The astronaut feels a gravitational acceleration of m/s² N.arrow_forwardTo measure the density of a stone, a digital scale and a beaker cup filled with water are used. The balance is used to measure the mass of the stone, while the beaker is used to measure the volume of the stone. It is known that the digital balance has a resolution of 0.1 g and that the beaker cup has a resolution of 5 ml. Repeated mass measurements return the following values: 250.0 g; 249.9 g; 250.3 g; 249.6g; 250.1 g; 249.7g; 250.4 g; 250.0 g; 248.8 g; 250.2 g The volume is measured only once. Placing the stone in the beaker, a volume of displaced water equal to 50 ml is measured. Using a k=2.5, check if the density of the stone is compatible or out of line with the value ρ = (4910 ± 65) kg.m-3 (a) none of the above (b) the values are compatible (c) missing data to perform the compatibility test (d) the values are discrepantarrow_forward16000 1.440 14000 1.435 12000 1.430 10000 1.425 8000 1.420 6000 1.415 4000 1.410 2000 1.405 1.400 45 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperature ["C] +dynamic viscosity (mPas] + density (gicm") Figure 1 (a) As shown in Figure 1, viscosity and density of honey was found to decrease with increase in temperature. Explain the reasons behind these phenomenon related to Fluid Mechanics in microscopic view. Dynamic viscolsty [mPa.s] Density [g/cm³]arrow_forwardา In the first 3 years that Jill owns her sports car, she drives 63,350 kms. Jill maintains her vehicle according to the distance maintenance schedule below taking into consideration both kilometres driven and elapsed time. The fuel consumption rating for her sports car is 8.3 L/100 km. Each year, Jill pays $1960 for insurance and $98 for her vehicle license plate registration. During those 3 years, Jill renews her driver's licence at a cost of $80. The average cost of fuel is $1.06/L. Determine Jill's average monthly operating cost during the 3 years. Use the table provided (see attached) to organize your answers. Recommended Service Lube, oil and filter Tire rotation and brake inspection Wheel alignment inspection Automatic transmission Frequency (kms) 5000 10000 25000 Cooling system 50000 Tune-up and emission 85000 control Vehicle Maintenance Schedule 85000 H Frequency (months) 3 6 15 24 30 2 51 Approximate cost $36.95 $63.99 $79.95 $84.95 $165.00 $175 ONGOING DEMONSTRATION harrow_forwardTRUE OR FALSE Specific Volume is a measure of a fluid's resistance to deformation under shear stress. While a unit expresses a specific type of physical quantity, a dimension assigns a property of scale so that the unit can be measured. Temperature at which water has the highest density is usually taken as 4°C(39.2°F). The continuum concept in hydraulics assumes that a fluid often behaves as if itwere comprised of continuous matter that is infinitely divisible into smaller and smaller parts.arrow_forwardSome scientists believe that the collision of one or more large asteroids with the Earth was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs. The unit of kiloton is used to describe the energy released during large explosions. It was originally defined as the explosive capability of 1000 tons of trinitrotoluene (TNT) high explosive. Because that expression can be imprecise depending on the explosive's exact chemical composition, the kiloton subsequently has been redefined as the equivalent of 4.186 x 1012 J. In the units of kiloton, calculate the kinetic energy of an asteroid that has the size (box-shaped, 13 x 13 x 25 km) and composition (density, 2.4 g/cm) of an asteroid. Kinetic energy is defined by U. = mv? where m is the object's mass and v is its speed. Objects passing through the inner solar system generally have speeds in the range of 20 km/s. (Express your answer using two significant figures.) Uk = x1011 kilotonsarrow_forwardA student evaluates a weight loss program by calculating the number of times he would need to climb a 11.0 m high flight of steps in order to lose one pound (0.45 kg) of fat. Metabolizing 1.00 kg of fat can release 3.77 ✕ 107 J of chemical energy and the body can convert about 19.4% of this into mechanical energy (the rest goes into internal energy.) (a)How much mechanical energy (in J) can the body produce from 0.450 kg of fat? (b)How many trips up the flight of steps are required for the 74.0 kg student to lose 0.450 kg of fat? Ignore the relatively small amount of energy required to return down the stairs.arrow_forwardFive objects in a region where the acceleration due to gravity is 30.2 ft/s2 are as follows: x1 = 450 g of mass x2 = weighs 960gf x3 = weighs 15 poundals x4 = weighs 21bf x5 = 0.20 slug of mass. What is (a) the total mass expressed in gm? (b) the total weight expressed in kgf.arrow_forwardThe temperature of a system rises by 120°C during a heating process. Express this rise in temperature in kelvin. The rise in temperature is 393 K. 2 5 8arrow_forwardThe specific weight of an unknown liquid is 12,400 N/m^3. What mass of liquid is contained in a volume of 500 cm^3? Use the minimum value of gravity on the earth.arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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