GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135349298
Author: Sanders
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 2P
For the traits listed in the previous problem, which do you think are likely to be multifactorial traits with
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Assume that the concordance value for a particular trait is 85% for both monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
What can be concluded about this trait?
○ It is caused by environmental factors in dizygotic twins but by genetic factors in monozygotic twins.
It is likely caused almost exclusively by genetic factors.
It is caused by both genetic factors and environmental factors.
It is likely caused almost exclusively by environmental factors.
It is caused by genetic factors in dizygotic twins but by environmental factors in monozygotic twins.
Incorrect
In domestic chicken, feather colour and shape are two traits which are controlled by autosomal alleles that are co-dominant. Table 2 shows the alleles and phenotype of both traits. The heterozygous state for feather colour is grey while the heterozygous state for feather shape is mildly frizzled.
TABLE 2
Trait
Allele
Effect
Feather colour
CB
Produces black feathers in homozygotes
CW
Produces white feathers in homozygotes
Feather shape
SS
Produces straight feathers in homozygotes
SF
Produces frizzled feathers in homozygotes
(a)A farmer bred a black frizzled rooster with a grey mildly frizzled hen. Draw a genetic diagram to show the expected results of this cross. Include in your answer the phenotypic ratios.
(b)Is it necessary to do a test cross to determine the genotypes of the offspring? Explain your answer. (c)The farmer would like all his chickens grey and mildly…
Suppose that a geneticist studies a series of characteristics in monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins. He finds various rates of
phenotypic concordance for the characteristics, as shown in the table.
Rate of phenotypic concordance (%)
Characteristic
Monozygotic
Dizygotic
migraine headache
60
30
eye color
100
40
measles
90
90
clubfoot
30
10
high blood pressure
70
40
handedness
70
70
tuberculosis
Classify each characteristic according to whether the corresponding rates of concordance indicate a genetic influence, an
environmental influence, or both genetic and environmental influences.
Chapter 19 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
Ch. 19 - Which of the following traits would you expect to...Ch. 19 - 19.2 For the traits listed in the previous...Ch. 19 - Compare and contrast broad sense heritability and...Ch. 19 - 19.4 In a cross of two pure-breeding lines of...Ch. 19 - 19.5 Describe the difference between continuous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PCh. 19 - 19.7 Provide a definition and an example for each...Ch. 19 - 19.8 What is a random sample, and why can a random...Ch. 19 - 19.9 Why is heritability an important phenomenon...Ch. 19 - 19.10 Three pairs of genes with two alleles each (...
Ch. 19 - 19.11 In selective breeding experiments, it is...Ch. 19 - 19.12 Two inbred lines of sunflowers produce...Ch. 19 - What is quantitative trait locus (QTL)? Suppose...Ch. 19 - 19.14 In Nicotiana, two inbred strains produce...Ch. 19 - 19.15 Suppose the length of maize ears has narrow...Ch. 19 - In a line of cherry tomatoes, the average fruit...Ch. 19 - 19.17 Two purebreeding wheat strains, one...Ch. 19 - Prob. 18PCh. 19 - During a visit with your grandparents, they...Ch. 19 - 19.20 An association of racehorse owners is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 21PCh. 19 - Suppose a polygenic system for producing color in...Ch. 19 - New Zealand lamb breeders measure the following...Ch. 19 - Cattle breeders would like to improve the protein...Ch. 19 - In human gestational development, abnormalities of...Ch. 19 - The children of couples in which one partner has...Ch. 19 - Answer the following in regard to multifactorial...Ch. 19 - 19.28 Suppose the mature height of a plant is a...Ch. 19 - A three-gene system of additive genes (A, B, and...Ch. 19 - 19.30 Congenital dislocation of the hip is a...Ch. 19 - A total of 20 men and 20 women volunteer to...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Height in humans depends on the additive action of genes. Assume that this trait is controlled by the four loci R, S, T, and U and that environmental effects are negligible. Instead of additive versus non-additive alleles, assume that additive and partially additive alleles exist. Additive alleles contribute 2 units, and partially additive alleles contribute 1 unit to height. Can two individuals of moderate height produce offspring that are much taller or shorter than either parent? What is the percentage of offspring which manifest transgressive variation? Express answer in percentage form. Significant # of decimal places for answer: 2arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between multiple alleles and pleiotropy? The combined trait for chevron and patch pattern in clover plants is an example of multiple alleles, whereas pleiotropy refers to parental type for a single character. A character that is influenced by two or more genes refers to multiple alleles, whereas pleiotropy refers to the expression of at least two characters of a single offspring. Multiple alleles consist of alternative versions of a single gene, whereas pleiotropy occurs when mutation exists, resulting in different traits. Multiple alleles signify variations in skin color, whereas pleiotropy exists when there is a mutation especially in the HBB gene resulting in different disorders.arrow_forwardOf all offspring of the parents in below problem, what proportionwill express all three dominant traits? Consider three independently assorting gene pairs, A/a, B/b, andC/c, where each demonstrates typical dominance (A9, B9, C9)and recessiveness (aa, bb, cc). What is the probability of obtainingan offspring that is AABbCc from parents that are AaBbCC andAABbCc?arrow_forward
- You are studying a disorder that is based on the genetic cómposition at three loci. Assume that a dominant allele at any locus adds 7 units of risk for the disorder and that a recessive allele at any locus adds 4 units of risk for the disorder. Individuals with 26 or more units of risk develop the disorder. The environment does not affect the presence or absence of this disorder. How many risk units will be present in an individual of genotype AABbcc?arrow_forwardIn plants, a trait has a narrow-sense heritability of 0.75. This indicates a) the trait is inherited from a parent 75% of the time. b) the proportion of phenotypic variance due to environmental variance. c) the degree of inbreeding from artificial selection. d) the proportion of variance due to additive alleles.arrow_forwardThe clamshell orchid can have a dorsal sepal that is either bright purple (P) or yellow (Y), and may have ventral sepals that are curly (C) or flat (F). Assume that each trait is caused by a single gene in which one allele is completely dominant to the other and that these genes are independently assorting. Look at the table 1 below and determine the dominant and recessive alleles for sepal colour and shape. Table 1: resulting offspring produced by mating parents of the indicated phenotypes Cross 1 Cross 2 Cross 3 Parent 1 Purple, curly Purple, flat Purple, curly Parent 2 Yellow, flat Offspring Phenotypes Purple, curly 11 Purple, flat 20 Yellow, flat 0 Purple, flat Which shape phenotype is recessive? 9 59 43 X Yellow, curly 12 7 0 Yellow, flat 11 Based on the information shown in the table above, determine the dominant and recessive alleles for colour and shape. Complete the information asked below: Which colour phenotype is recessive? 22 0 Choose appropriate symbols (basic…arrow_forward
- Let’s suppose that pigmentation in a species of insect is controlled by a single gene existing in two alleles, D for dark and d for light. The heterozygote Dd is intermediate in color. In a heterogeneous environment, the allele frequencies are D = 0.7 and d = 0.3. This polymorphism is maintained because the environment has some dimly lit forested areas and some sunny fields. During a hurricane, a group of 1000 insects is blown to a completely sunny area. In this environment, the fitness values are DD = 0.3, Dd = 0.7, and dd = 1.0. Calculate the allele frequencies in the next generation.arrow_forwardGiven that there is a trait determined by the alleles A and a, where A is dominant, i.e., the presence of A determines the phenotype. Assume that two parents have four children, and assume that nothing is known about the parents. One of the four children shows the recessive condition (so its genotype is aa) and the other three show the dominant trait (so their genotype is either Aa or AA). What can we conclude about the parents? Group of answer choices - at least one parent shows the dominant trait - Both parents are heterozygous - Both parents have at least one recessive allelearrow_forwardMany researchers have estimated the heritability of human traits by comparing the correlation coefficients of monozygotic and dizygotic twins (see pp. 731–732). One of the assumptions made in using this method is that monozygotic twin pairs experience environments that are no more similar to each other than those experienced by dizygotic twin pairs. How might this assumption be violated? Give some specific examples of how the environments of two monozygotic twins might be more similar than the environments of two dizygotic twins.arrow_forward
- Assume that egg laying in hens is determined by a pair of alleles at each of two independently assorting loci that are additive in their effects. Hens with a HHLL genotype lays an average of 16 eggs a day, while hens with a hhll genotype lays an average of 4 eggs a day. Farmer John can choose between two hens to buy: Caroline (hhLl) or San Francisco (HhLl). Which hen should he buy to ensure that he gets the most eggs and how much eggs do you expect her to lay per day?arrow_forwardIn domestic chicken, feather colour and shape are two traits which are controlled by autosomal alleles that are co-dominant. Table 2 shows the alleles and phenotype of both traits. The heterozygous state for feather colour is grey while the heterozygous state for feather shape is mildly frizzled. TABLE 2 Trait Feather colour Allele CB CW SS SF Effect Produces black feathers in homozygotes Produces white feathers in homozygotes Produces straight feathers in homozygotes Produces frizzled feathers in homozygotes Feather shape A farmer bred a black frizzled rooster with a grey mildly frizzled hen. Draw a genetic diagram to show the expected results of this cross. Include in your answer the phenotypic ratios. Is it necessary to do a test cross to determine the genotypes of the offspring? Explain your answer. The farmer would like all his chickens grey and mildly frizzled. What would you advise him to do? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat is the mathematical expression for the genetic equilibrium for genes with two alleles? Is this statistical distribution the same as the statistical distribution of the respective phenotypes?arrow_forward
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