Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume 2, Loose-leaf Version, 10th + WebAssign Printed Access Card for Serway/Jewett's Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 10th, Multi-Term
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ISBN: 9781337888752
Author: Raymond A. Serway; John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 19, Problem 40AP
One mole of an ideal gas is contained in a cylinder with a movable piston. The initial pressure, volume, and temperature are Pi, Vi, and Ti, respectively. Find the work done on the gas in the following processes. In operational terms, describe how to carry out each process and show each process on a PV diagram. (a) an isobaric compression in which the final volume is one-half the initial volume (b) an isothermal compression in which the final pressure is four times the initial pressure (c) an isovolumetric process in which the final pressure is three times the initial pressure
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Bundle: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume 2, Loose-leaf Version, 10th + WebAssign Printed Access Card for Serway/Jewett's Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 10th, Multi-Term
Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 19.1QQCh. 19.3 - Suppose the same process of adding energy to the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.3QQCh. 19.5 - Characterize the paths in Figure 19.12 as...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 19.5QQCh. 19 - Prob. 1PCh. 19 - The highest waterfall in the world is the Salto...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3PCh. 19 - The temperature of a silver bar rises by 10.0C...Ch. 19 - You are working in your kitchen preparing lunch...
Ch. 19 - If water with a mass mk at temperature Tk is...Ch. 19 - An aluminum calorimeter with a mass of 100 g...Ch. 19 - An electric drill with a steel drill bit of mass m...Ch. 19 - A 3.00-g copper coin at 25.0C drops 50.0 m to the...Ch. 19 - How much energy is required to change a 40.0-g ice...Ch. 19 - Prob. 11PCh. 19 - A 3.00-g lead bullet at 30.0C is fired at a speed...Ch. 19 - In an insulated vessel, 250 g of ice at 0C is...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14PCh. 19 - One mole of an ideal gas is warmed slowly so that...Ch. 19 - (a) Determine the work done on a gas that expands...Ch. 19 - A thermodynamic system undergoes a process in...Ch. 19 - Why is the following situation impossible? An...Ch. 19 - A 2.00-mol sample of helium gas initially at 300...Ch. 19 - (a) How much work is done on the steam when 1.00...Ch. 19 - A 1.00-kg block of aluminum is warmed at...Ch. 19 - In Figure P19.22, the change in internal energy of...Ch. 19 - A student is trying to decide what to wear. His...Ch. 19 - A concrete slab is 12.0 cm thick and has an area...Ch. 19 - Two lightbulbs have cylindrical filaments much...Ch. 19 - Prob. 26PCh. 19 - (a) Calculate the R-value of a thermal window made...Ch. 19 - Prob. 28PCh. 19 - Gas in a container is at a pressure of 1.50 atm...Ch. 19 - Prob. 30APCh. 19 - You have a particular interest in automobile...Ch. 19 - You are working in a condensed-matter laboratory...Ch. 19 - Prob. 33APCh. 19 - Prob. 34APCh. 19 - Prob. 35APCh. 19 - Prob. 36APCh. 19 - An ice-cube tray is filled with 75.0 g of water....Ch. 19 - Prob. 38APCh. 19 - An iron plate is held against an iron wheel so...Ch. 19 - One mole of an ideal gas is contained in a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 41APCh. 19 - Prob. 42APCh. 19 - Prob. 43APCh. 19 - A student measures the following data in a...Ch. 19 - (a) The inside of a hollow cylinder is maintained...Ch. 19 - A spherical shell has inner radius 3.00 cm and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 47CP
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- An ideal gas with specific heat ratio confined to a cylinder is put through a closed cycle. Initially, the gas is at Pi, Vi, and Ti. First, its pressure is tripled under constant volume. It then expands adiabatically to its original pressure and finally is compressed isobarically to its original volume. (a) Draw a PV diagram of this cycle. (b) Determine the volume at the end of the adiabatic expansion. Find (c) the temperature of the gas at the start of the adiabatic expansion and (d) the temperature at the end of the cycle. (e) What was the net work done on the gas for this cycle?arrow_forwardA 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is taken through the cycle shown in Figure P18.63. The process AB is a reversible isothermal expansion. Calculate (a) the net work done by the gas, (b) the energy added to the gas by heat, (c) the energy exhausted from the gas by heat, and (d) the efficiency of the cycle. (e) Explain how the efficiency compares with that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperature extremes. Figure P18.63arrow_forwardAt point A in a Carnot cycle, 2.34 mol of a monatomic ideal gas has a pressure of 1 4000 kPa, a volume of 10.0 L, and a temperature of 720 K. The gas expands isothermally to point B and then expands adiabatically to point C, where its volume is 24.0 L. An isothermal compression brings it to point D, where its volume is 15.0 L. An adiabatic process returns the gas to point A. (a) Determine all the unknown pressures, volumes, and temperatures as you f ill in the following table: (b) Find the energy added by heat, the work done by the engine, and the change in internal energy for each of the steps A B, B C, C D, and D A (c) Calculate the efficiency Wnet/|Qk|. (d) Show that the efficiency is equal to 1 - TC/TA, the Carnot efficiency.arrow_forward
- In a cylinder, a sample of an ideal gas with number of moles n undergoes an adiabatic process. (a) Starting with the expression W=PdV and using the condition PV = constant, show that the work done on the gas is W=(11)(PfVfPiVi) (b) Starting with the first law of thermodynamics, show that the work done on the gas is equal to nCV(Tf Ti). (c) Are these two results consistent with each other? Explain.arrow_forwardOne mole of an ideal gas does 3 000 J of work on its surroundings as it expands isothermally to a final pressure of 1.00 atm and volume of 25.0 L. Determine (a) the initial volume and (b) the temperature of the gas.arrow_forwardThe compression ratio of an Otto cycle as shown in Figure 21.12 is VA/VB = 8.00. At the beginning A of the compression process, 500 cm3 of gas is at 100 kPa and 20.0C. At the beginning of the adiabatic expansion, the temperature is TC = 750C. Model the working fluid as an ideal gas with = 1.40. (a) Fill in this table to follow the states of the gas: (b) Fill in this table to follow the processes: (c) Identify the energy input |Qh|, (d) the energy exhaust |Qc|, and (e) the net output work Weng. (f) Calculate the efficiency. (g) Find the number of crankshaft revolutions per minute required for a one-cylinder engine to have an output power of 1.00 kW = 1.34 hp. Note: The thermodynamic cycle involves four piston strokes.arrow_forward
- Of the following, which is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (a) No heat engine operating in a cycle can absorb energy from a reservoir and use it entirely to do work, (b) No real engine operating between two energy reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two reservoirs, (c) When a system undergoes a change in state, the change in the internal energy of the system is the sum of the energy transferred to the system by heat and the work done on the system, (d) The entropy of the Universe increases in all natural processes, (e) Energy will not spontaneously transfer by heat from a cold object to a hot object.arrow_forwardConsider the cyclic process depicted in Figure P17.28. If Q is negative for the process BC and Eint is negative for the process CA, what are the signs of Q, W, and Eint that are associated with each of the three processes?arrow_forwardA 1.00-mol sample of a monatomic ideal gas is taken through the cycle shown in Figure P22.76. At point A, the pressure, volume, and temperature are Pi, Vi, and Ti, respectively. In terms of R and Ti, find (a) the total energy entering the system by heat per cycle, (b) the total energy leaving the system by heat per cycle, and (c) the efficiency of an engine operating in this cycle. (d) Explain how the efficiency compares with that of an engine operating in a Carnot cycle between the same temperature extremes.arrow_forward
- A sample of a monatomic ideal gas is contained in a cylinder with a piston. Its state is represented by the dot in the PV diagram shown in Figure OQ18.9. Arrows A through E represent isobaric, isothermal, adiabatic, and isovolumetric processes that the sample can undergo. In each process except D, the volume changes by a factor of 2. All five processes are reversible. Rank the processes according to the change in entropy of the gas from the largest positive value to the largest-magnitude negative value. In your rankings, display any cases of equality. Figure OQ18.9arrow_forwardA dilute gas at a pressure of 2.0 atm and a volume of 4.0 L is taken through the following quasi-static steps: (a) an isobaric expansion to a volume of 10.0 L, (b) an isochoric change to a pressure of 0.50 atm, (c) an isobaric compression to a volume of 4.0 L, and (d) an isochoric change to a pressure of 2.0 atm. Show these steps on a PV diagram and determine from your graph the net work done by the gas.arrow_forward
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