Chapter 19, Problem 5Q

A.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The nucleotide in that SNP at that position is unstable and mutates with age” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

B.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “Those people born more than 50 years ago came from a population that tended to lack the disappearing SNP variants” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.

C.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the statement “The SNP variant alters an important gene product in a way that shortens the human life span or is linked to a neighboring allele that has this effect” is correct or not.

Concept introduction: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the common inherited variation in which there will be a difference in a single nucleotide. It takes place in a high frequency about once per 1000 nucleotide bases. SNPs are mostly found in the non-coding region in which there will be no alteration of genes. Some SNPs are also present in the coding regions that can modify the protein made by that coding region, which can cause certain health problems. SNPs can be of two types based on their presence in the genome—synonymous (takes place when there is no change in the amino acids) and non-synonymous (takes place when there is an alteration in amino acids). The SNPs that are detected by oligonucleotide hybridization or by sequencing can act as markers to locate the genes that are related to cause certain diseases.