EBK PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134069180
Author: Oster
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 19, Problem 6.2P
To determine
Identify the concept of voting paradox.
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Suppose that friends Jennifer, Stephanie, and Megan cannot agree on how much to spend for a bouquet of flowers to send to a person who allowed them to use her beach house for the weekend. Jennifer wants to buy a moderately priced bouquet, Stephanie wants to buy an expensive bouquet, and Megan wants to buy a very expensive bouquet. Assuming no paradox of voting, majority voting will result in the decision to buy Multiple Choice an inexpensive bouquet. a very expensive bouquet. a moderately priced bouquet. an expensive bouquet. B
Each one has ONE Senator who votes for their state and is elected only by the voters in their
own state. Each Senator's vote is equal in the voting process. There are three projects being
considered and each will only bring revenue into the one State in which it is built BUT all
three projects, if built, will be built with Taxes paid by ALL of the population of all 5 states.
District 1 is not considering a project at this time. District 2 is mostly urban and they want to
build a Football stadium to attract tourists. District 3 is not considering a project at this time.
District 4 wants to build a Space Exploration Research Center. District 5 wants to build an
airport. The relevant Benefit (positive number) and Cost (negative number) to each district
details are below:
District I
District II
District III
District IV
District V
O Regulatory Capture
Logrolling
Stadium ($)
-30
80
-30
-30
-30
The Scenario outlined above is commonly known as:
Kleptocracy
Rent Seeking
Airport ($)
-25
-25
-25…
Does traditional one-person-one-vote (1p1v) majority voting allow voters to directly express differences in strengths of preference? Does quadratic voting do any better? Discuss the differences and then explain which system you prefer, and why.
Chapter 19 Solutions
EBK PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS
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- In a congressional district somewhere in the U.S., a new representative is being elected. The voters all have one-dimensional political views that can be neatly arrayed on a left-right spectrum. We can define the ”location” of a citizen’s political views in the following way. The citizen with the most extreme left-wing views is said to be at point 0 and the citizen with the most extreme right-wing views is said to be at point 1. If a citizen has views that are to the right of the views of the fraction x of the state’s population, that citizen’s views are said to be located at point x. There are two candidates for the congressional seat and they are forced to publicly state their own political position simultaneously on the zero-one left-right scale. 1.a Suppose voters always vote for the candidate whose stated position is nearest to their own views and suppose each candidate cares only about getting as many votes as possible. In equilibrium, what will be the two candidates’ positions?…arrow_forwardAssume there are three voters: A, B and C. Voter preferences can be ranked along a left-to-right spectrum that ranges from 1-9; 1 being the most left leaning preference and 9 being the most right leaning preference. Suppose these voters will choose between candidates Smith and Jones in an upcoming election. Assuming the following voter preferences: True/False Explain: If the median voter theorem holds, candidates Smith and Jones will either both adopt preference 5 OR one will adopt preference 4 while the other adopts preference 6. B. Suppose the electorate becomes more polarized; A moves from 4 to 1 while C moves from 6 to 9. B remains at 4. How does the median voter model predict candidates Smith and Jones will change their preference? C. Keeping the assumptions from B, how does the election result change if a tax on non-voters doubles the number of voters while preserving the distribution of preferences? D. If the tax in C induces 100% compliance (everyone votes), did this tax…arrow_forwardLet's see whether quadratic voting can avoid the paradox of voting that arose in Table 5.3 when using 1p1v in a series of paired-choice majority votes. To reexamine this situation using quadratic voting, the table below presents the maximum willingness to pay of Garcia, Johnson, and Lee for each of the three public goods. Notice that each person's numbers for willingness to pay match her or his ordering of preferences (1st choice, 2nd choice, 3rd choice) presented in Table 5.3. Thus, Garcia is willing to spend more on her first choice of national defense ($400) than on her second choice of a road ($100) or her third choice of a weather warning system ($0). TABLE 5.3 Paradox of Voting Preferences Public Good Garcia Johnson Lee National defense 1st choice 3d cholce 2d cholce Road 2d cholce 1st choice 3d cholce Weather warning system 3d choice 2d choice 1st choice Election Voting Outcomes: Winner 1. National defense vs. road National defense (preferred by Garcia and Lee) 2. Road vs.…arrow_forward
- 1.12. Consider a weighted voting method with 5 voters assigned weights17, 15, 14, 12, and 7, respectively, with a simple majority of the weightedvotes sufficient for victory. Explain why this method is in effect the(unweighted) simple majority method.arrow_forwardwith largest remall 6. In Table 13.15, we again show the same results from the Oslo district in the 2005 Norwegian elections. Answer the following questions. As before, you should ignore the "others" category. a. Copy Table 13.15. Imagine that the seventeen seats in Oslo are to be allocated according to the d'Hondt divisor method. Show the different quotients that are calculated when you divide each party's vote total by the d'Hondt divisors in your table. How many seats does each party obtain? b. Now repeat the process using the Sainte-Laguë divisor method and then the modified Sainte-Laguë divisor method. Note that you will need to change the integers used to estimate the quotients. How many seats does each party obtain under these divisor systems? c. Are there any differences if you examine the seat allocations from the two quota systems and the three divisor systems? Does one method produce a more proportional or fairer outcome in your opinion than another? TABLE 13.15 Legislative…arrow_forwardSuppose that Katie and Kelly each expect to receive $500 worth of marginal benefits from a proposed new recreation center, whereas Kerry expects to receive only $100 worth. If the proposed tax levied on each for the center would be $450, a majority vote will Multiple Choice pass this project. defeat this project and resources will be underallocated to it. defeat this project. pass this project and resources will be efficiently allocated to it.arrow_forward
- Consider the following two sets of individuals and their group preference rankings, aggregated using the same voting rule. 1: individual preferences: x>y>z>w, y>z>w>x, and z>w>x>y group preferences: x>Gy, z>Gx, w>Gx, y>Gw, y>Gz and z>Gw 2:individual preferences: y>z>x>w, y>w>x>z, and y>w>z>x group preferences: y>Gx, y>Gw, z>Gy, x>Gw, z>Gx, and z>Gw Question: Which of Arrow's conditions (P, D, I, or Transitivity) is violated by their group preferences? (hint: checking I requires comparing the outcomes in the two different groups to find a violation).arrow_forward1. A city has three equal-sized groups of people: (1) Type A people consistently prefer more public school expenditure; (2) Type B people prefer high levels of public school expenditure to low levels, and they prefer low levels to medium levels; (3) Type C people most prefer medium levels to low levels, and they prefer low levels to high levels. Will majority voting generate consistent outcomes in this case? (Hint: you should check if there are cycles in outcomes by changing the order of voting) A.True B. False 2. Suppose Florida government has asked you to design and evaluate the effectiveness of an education voucher program. What is wrong with simply comparing the educational performance of those receiving vouchers with those who do not receive vouchers? Explain.arrow_forwardMatch the following according to the criterion. If a candidate receives [ Choose ] more than half the first- place votes in an election, then that candidate should be declared the winner. If a candidate is favored [ Choose ] when compared separately with every other candidate in an election, then that candidate should be declared the winner. If a candidate wins an [ Choose] election and, in a reelection, the only changes are changes that favor the candidate, then that candidate should win the reelection. If a candidate wins an [ Choose ] election and, in a recount, the only changes are that one or more of the other candidates are removed from the ballot, then that candidate should still win the election.arrow_forward
- Please no written by hand "No voting system is perfect." What does it mean by economist K. Arrow? Give a brief account on Condorcet Voting Paradox. A public school district is voting on the school budget and the resulting student-teacher ratio. A poll finds that 20 percent of the voters want a ratio of 9:1, 25 percent want a ratio of 10:1, 15 percent want a ratio of 11:1, and 40 percent want a ratio of 12:1. What outcome would you expect the district toarrow_forwardEx. 4 Strength Can Be Weakness A three-person committee has to choose a winner for a prize. After some debate, there are three candidates still under consideration. Let's call these candidates a, b and c, and call those committee members 1, 2 and 3. The committee members only care about which candidate wins the prize, and their preferences as follows: member 1 prefers a to b and b to c; member 2 prefers c to a and a to b; and member 3 prefers b to c and c to a. The rules of the competition say that the committee should first apply majority vote (secret ballot, one member one vote) and the candidate with the most votes wins. If the vote is tied, that is, the majority rule select a unique winning candidate, then the winner will be the candidate for whom member 1 voted. Thus, it might seem that member 1 has an advantage. (1) Write down the strategic form of this voting game. [You may assign any number to the payoff of each voter, as long as it is consistent with her preference order.] (2)…arrow_forwardEx. 4 Strength Can Be Weakness A three-person committee has to choose a winner for a prize. After some debate, there are three candidates still under consideration. Let's call these candidates a, b and c, and call those committee members 1, 2 and 3. The committee members only care about which candidate wins the prize, and their preferences as follows: member 1 prefers a to b and b to c; member 2 prefers c to a and a to b; and member 3 prefers b to c and c to a. The rules of the competition say that the committee should first apply majority vote (secret ballot, one member one vote) and the candidate with the most votes wins. If the vote is tied, that is, the majority rule select a unique winning candidate, then the winner will be the candidate for whom member 1 voted. Thus, it might seem that member 1 has an advantage. (1) Write down the strategic form of this voting game. [You may assign any number to the payoff of each voter, as long as it is consistent with her preference order.] (2)…arrow_forward
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