Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042237
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 7AWK
Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to the formation of gametes (sperm or eggs) with extra copies of one or more chromosomes. Normally, fertilizations involving extra copies of chromosomes simply do not result in a live birth because too many developmental events are altered in some way. The most common extra-chromosomal condition that does lead to live births is Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Why do you suppose that trisomy 21 is more common than other trisomies?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Parents pass chromosomes in gametes to form the zygote, which will grow and develop to become an adult. But in the gametes of the adult, each chromosome will be a mix of mothers and father genes, not exclusively mother’s or father’s, as they were in the zygote. Why is this?
Draw a diagram of Metaphase I and II of meiosis in the father, which illustrates the only possible way in which the father’s chromosomes could have aligned during Metaphase I, and in the subsequent Metaphase II in the same cell, in order to have resulted in the conception of the specific son who has all three of these genetic conditions (achondroplasia, color blindness and deafness).
What is chromosomal theory of inheritance? List the ways in which genes and chromosomes behave similarly during meiosis and fertilization.
How is sex determined in humans? Which sex determines the sex of the offspring?
What are the two types of mutations?
What are the four types of changes in chromosomal structure?
Why would you expect a monosomy to be more lethal than a trisomy?
Chapter 19 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Ch. 19 - If you might be a carrier of a gene for an...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2QCCh. 19 - Prob. 1CRCh. 19 - Prob. 2CRCh. 19 -
3. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype.
Ch. 19 - Describe the contributions of Mendel to the field...Ch. 19 - Explain how alterations of chromosome number and...Ch. 19 - Prob. 6CRCh. 19 - Prob. 7CRCh. 19 - Describe what is meant by sex-linked inheritance.
Ch. 19 -
9. Explain why lethal diseases caused by dominant...Ch. 19 - Prob. 10CRCh. 19 - All of the following statements about homologous...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2TYCh. 19 -
3. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Which of the following results in the separation...Ch. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - Prob. 10TYCh. 19 - What tool is used to determine the probabilities...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12TYCh. 19 - What is the basis for the tremendous genetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14TYCh. 19 -
15. Which of the following events or processes...Ch. 19 -
1. What fraction of the offspring of two...Ch. 19 -
2. Why is it that the range of resting blood...Ch. 19 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 19 - Geneticists often study patterns of gene transfer...Ch. 19 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 19 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 19 - Nondisjunction during meiosis can lead to the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume that a meiotic-nondisjunction event causes trisomy 8 in a newborn. If two of the three copies of chromosome 8 are absolutely identical, at what point during meiosis did the nondisjunction event take place?arrow_forwardButterflies have an X-Y sex-determination system that is different from that of flies or humans. Female butterflies may be either XY or X0, while butterflies with two or more X chromosomes are males. This photograph shows a tiger swallowtail gynandromorph, which is half male (left side) and half female (right side). Given that the first division of the zygote divides the embryo into the future right and left halves of the butterfly, propose a hypothesis that explains how nondisjunction during the first mitosis might have produced this unusual-looking butterfly. Question is also in the picture.arrow_forwardWhy are the homologous regions of the X and Y chromosome important during meiosis?arrow_forward
- Extranuclear inheritance can involve genes that are present in: ribosomes mitochondria autosomes sex chromosomes In humans, which of the following would be phenotypically male? Question 5 options: XO individuals XX individuals XXY individuals XXX individuals Presence of an abnormal number of copies of an individual chromosome in a cell is a condition known as: triploidy heterogamy aneuploidy polyploidyarrow_forwarda. If cell division during gametogenesis is non-meiotic, what is its consequence to the future generations of diploid organisms? b. How does non-disjunction in meiosis lead to numerical chromosomal aberration?arrow_forwardThe chromosomal theory of inheritance states that genes are on chromosomes. Therefore, any chromosomal abnormality will affect the number and location of genes therefore lead to the over- and under- expression of genes. Which of the following condition will NOT result in the over-expression of a gene? A. Trisomy 18 B. Triploidy 3n C. Monosomy X D. Duplication of a chromosome segmentarrow_forward
- Though an individual with abberations such as Robertsonian translocation may be phenotypically normal, they can generate gametes through meiosis that have atypical organizations of chromosomes, resulting in recurrent fetal abnormalities or miscarriages. Why, despite these Robertsonian translocations, are affected cells still able to generate typical gametes through meiosis?arrow_forwardA boy with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is born to a mother who is phenotypically normal and a father who has the X- linked skin condition called anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. The boy has patches of normal skin and patches of abnormal skin. Which of the following statemnets likely explains these observations? The father contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis I during spermatogenesis. The mother contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis II during oogenesis. The mother contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis I during oogenesis. The father contributed the extra X chromosome in the son as a result of a non-disjunction in meiosis II during spermatogenesis. Either parent could have contributed to the extra X chromosome in the son as a results of disjunction in either meiosis I or meiosis II during…arrow_forwardTable 8.1 shows that Turner syndrome occurs when an individual inherits one X chromosome but lacks a second sex chromosome. Can Turner syndrome be due to nondisjunction during oogenesis, spermatogenesis, or both? If a phenotypically normal couple has a color-blind child (due to a recessive X-linked allele) with Turner syndrome, did nondisjunction occur duringoogenesis or spermatogenesis in this child’s parents? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- A cell has four pairs of chromosomes. Assuming that crossing over does not occur, what is the probability that a gamete will contain all of the paternal chromosomes? If n equals the number of chromosomes in a set, which of the following expressions can be used to calculate the probability that a gamete will receive all of the paternal chromosomes: (1/2)n, (1/2)n–1, or n1/2?arrow_forwardDuring meiosis, when crossing-over occurs between two homologous chromosomes, it does not happen at a single point, but rather two points with a stretch of DNA in between. What are the two junction points called?What is the region between the two points called and what is different about this region compared to how double-stranded DNA usually is?If the region described in b.) is located within a gene and the two homologues have different alleles of this gene, what might happen that is a direct violation of Mendel’s first law? (Describe the process with 2-3 sentences of detail.)arrow_forwardTrisomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is a normal diploid chromosomal complement but one (extra) chromosome 21. Given the fact that embryos with 48 chromosomes (four #21 chromosomes) are not likely to survive early development, what percentage of surviving offspring would be expected to have Down syndrome if both parents have Down syndrome? all 2/3 1/2 1/3 nonearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY