Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 19.1, Problem 1TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The relationship between deeply diverging clades showing a wide range of growth temperatures and the evolution of thermophily and psychrophily.
Introduction:
Evolution is the change in the general characteristics of the species over several generations by the process of natural selection. Archaea is a group of microorganisms that are prokaryotic in nature but are different from bacteria. They inhabit extreme climatic conditions. Archaea are classified into three phyla: Crenarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Which organisms below take part in the carbon and sulfur cycle? Explain their function in the carbon and sulfur cycle Cellulose degraders Sulfate reducers Sulfur oxidizers Photosynthetic oxygenic organisms Photosynthetic non-oxygenic organismsarrow_forwardAlthough chemoautotrophs serve as the primary producers near hydrothermal vents, animals there still ultimately depend on the photosynthetic activities of plants and cyanobacteria. Why?arrow_forwardSo we know that the cloudier the broth is, the more microbes are growing in the broth. How can you use this information to determine if a newly discovered species is a psychrophile, mesophile, or thermophile. Describe a very simple experiment to use the information in the first sentence to determine their temperature preference.arrow_forward
- Trichonympha and other microbes supply cellulase, the enzyme needed to break down cellulose, which is the primary chemical constituent of wood and other fibrous plant parts. What ecological consequences would ensue if we did not have trichonympha and other organisms producing this enzyme?arrow_forwardChemolithotrophs near hydrothermal vents support a variety of other life-forms there. Explain how their role is analogous to that of photosynthetic organisms in terrestrial environments.arrow_forwardExplain why the statement is true. Photosynthesis is hypothesized to have been made possible by the appearance of chlorophyll associated with the mesozones of the cyanobacterialarrow_forward
- The common name for species like Anabena is blue-green algae. This group of bacteria are capable of photosynthesizing. Do they contain chloroplasts? Explain.arrow_forwardThe anaerobic, chemoautotrophic archaeobacterium Methanococcus jannaschii uses which of the following carbon-fixation pathways to obtain organic carbon from CO2? cell bio the Hill reaction the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway the Calvin cycle oxygenic photosynthesis the Krebs cyclearrow_forwardA new bacterial species is discovered and classified as an endolith, an extremophile that lives inside rock. If the bacteria were discovered in the permafrost of Antarctica, describe two extremophile features the bacteria must possess.arrow_forward
- ______________ produce ______________ and ______________, through the process of ______________. Question 6 options: Cordatatrophs, sulfur dioxide gas (SO2), fructose (C6H12O6), chemosynthesis Hemitrophs, hydrogen gas (H2), starch (C6H10O5), chemosynthesis Herterotrophs, hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S), acetate (C2H3O2), photosynthesis None of the other answers are correct. Simiautotrophs, nitrogen gas (N2), glucose (C6H12O6), nucleosynthesisarrow_forwardHow might the use of isozymes permit an aquatic organism to persist with a gradual increase in thermal pollution but not a rapid increase in thermal pollution?arrow_forwardConsidering the negative aspects of anaerobic respiration, how could natural selection have produced something so inefficient?arrow_forward
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