Concept explainers
Gene Transfer Between Bacteria
Core Skill: Connections Look back at Figures 11.1 and 11.2. How did the phenomenon of transformation allow researchers to demonstrate that DNA is the genetic material?
Figure 11.1 Griffith’s experiments showing that genetic material can be transferred from one bacterium to another. Note: To determine if a mouse’s blood contained live bacteria, a sample of blood was also applied to solid growth media. (This part of the procedure is not shown.) For steps 1 and 4, smooth bacterial colonies were observed. For step 2, no bacterial colonies were observed because the type R cells were killed by the immune system of the mouse.
Figure 11.2 The Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty experiments that identified DNA as Griffith’s transformation principle—the genetic material.
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Biology
- Compare the possible differences between a eukaryotic protein-encoding gene cloned by PCR and the same gene cloned by reverse transcriptase PCR (RTPCR).arrow_forwardlink: https://www.aaas.org/news/science-newly-identified-bacteria-break-down-tough-plastic How is the new PETase (2018) different from the 2016 version in function?arrow_forwardQ11) Explain, using the pCR 2.1 vector, what we would see if we try to grow cells on a plate with ampicillin and Xgal in each of these scenarios:a) transformation not successful (meaning the plasmid did not go inside the bacteria)b) transformation was successful, but no insert in LacZ gene (plasmid went in the bacteria but there was no inserted DNA in the LacZ gene of the plasmid)c) transformation and the ligation reactions were successful (got the plasmid in, and the plasmid is carrying extra DNA in the LacZ region, yay)arrow_forward
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- exercise 1: Determine the circular map of plasmid p101 for enzymes A, B and Cusing the size of the fragments (in kb) obtained after digestion with the enzymes.A) 17B) 17C) 10, 7A x B ) 12, 5A x C ) 10, 6, 1B x C ) 7, 6, 4Make sure to explain what each of the digest suggests (number of sites; size ofthe plasmid, etc..) and how you came up with the map you draw (thoughtprocess).arrow_forwardWhat type of enzymes are used to “cut” desired DNA sequences for use in recombinant gene technology experiments? Identify those two enzymes used to cut and paste both genes into the plasmid. Identify all three strategies used in this lab to maximize transformation success. Explain what it means for bacteria to be “competent.” Explains why bacterial competency is this important for this investigation.arrow_forwardExpand PCR? Describe the different Steps involved in this technique?arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning