The reason for poly-L-leucine and poly-L-isoleucine isomers having the same number but different types of atoms with different helix creating tendencies needs to be explained. Concept introduction: Amino acids are organic compounds containing amino as well as carboxylic acid groups. These groups are common in all amino acids, the difference in all amino acids is different R groups. The general representation of an amino acid is as follows: H 2 N − C H ( R ) − C O O H Here, R group is different for different amino acids. This group can be acidic, basic or neutral.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for poly-L-leucine and poly-L-isoleucine isomers having the same number but different types of atoms with different helix creating tendencies needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amino as well as carboxylic acid groups. These groups are common in all amino acids, the difference in all amino acids is different R groups. The general representation of an amino acid is as follows:

H2N−CH(R)−COOH

Here, R group is different for different amino acids. This group can be acidic, basic or neutral.

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Shape and dimension. (a) Tropomyosin, a 70-kDa muscle protein, is a two-stranded α-helical coiled coil. Estimate the length of the molecule. (b) Suppose that a 40-residue segment of a protein folds into a two-stranded antiparallel β structure with a 4-residue hairpin turn. What is the longest dimension of this motif?

Ionization State of Histidine.Each ionizable group of an amino acid can exist in one of two states, charged or neutral. The electric charge on the functional group is determined by the relationship between its pKa and the pH of the solution. This relationship is described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. 1.Histidine has three ionizable functional groups. Write the equilibrium equations for its three ion-izationsand assign the proper pKa for each ionization. Draw the structure of histidine in each ionization state.What is the net charge on the histidine molecule in each ionization state? 2.Which structure drawn in (1) corresponds to theionization state of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and12?Note that the ionization state can be approximated by treating each ionizable group independently. 3.What is the net charge of histidine at pH 1, 4, 8, and 12? For each pH, will histidine migrate to-ward the anode (+) or cathode (-) when placed in an electric field?

Peptides. 1. Draw the peptide Ala-Glu-Gly-Lys, as it would occur at physiological pH = 7.4. The R groups of Ala and Gly are not acidic or basic, therefore do not have a pka and the charge on these R groups is therefore independent of pH. Glu is acidic and Lys is basic, therefore the charge on these amino acids is pH dependent. The pKas are shown below. pKa N-term = 9.0 C-term = 3.5 Glu4.1 Lys = 10.5 2. Draw a circle around the peptide bonds. 3. Label the C-terminus and the N-terminus. 4. What is the overall charge on the peptide at pH 7.4?

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for poly-L-leucine and poly-L-isoleucine isomers having the same number but different types of atoms with different helix creating tendencies needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amino as well as carboxylic acid groups. These groups are common in all amino acids, the difference in all amino acids is different R groups. The general representation of an amino acid is as follows:

H2N−CH(R)−COOH

Here, R group is different for different amino acids. This group can be acidic, basic or neutral.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for poly-L-leucine and poly-L-isoleucine isomers having the same number but different types of atoms with different helix creating tendencies needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amino as well as carboxylic acid groups. These groups are common in all amino acids, the difference in all amino acids is different R groups. The general representation of an amino acid is as follows:

H2N−CH(R)−COOH

Here, R group is different for different amino acids. This group can be acidic, basic or neutral.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 2, Problem 14P

Interpretation Introduction