Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we focused on how chromosomes are distributed during cell division, both in dividing somatic cells (mitosis) and in gamete- and spore-forming cells (meiosis). We found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, answer the following questions.
(a) How do we know that chromosomes exist in homologous pairs?
(b) How do we know that
(c) How do we know that mitotic chromosomes are derived from chromatin?
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Assuming all of the chromosomes present during Meiosis II are shown in the figure above, how many chromosomes (counting homologous pairs as two chromosomes) does a cell from this organism have immediately after fertilization?
. With regards to the grasshopper testes experiment, diakinesis is an ideal stage to determine chromosome number due to the degree of condensation of the chromosomes? Count the chromosomes at this stage. Does it represent a diploid or a haploid number?
If an organism has 15 pairs of homologous chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after telophase of mitosis? In this same organism, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after telophase II of meiosis?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 - CASE STUDY | Timing is everything A man in his...Ch. 2 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused...Ch. 2 -
2. Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 12....Ch. 2 - What role do the following cellular components...Ch. 2 -
4. Discuss the concepts of homologous...Ch. 2 - If two chromosomes of a species are the same...Ch. 2 - Describe the events that characterize each stage...Ch. 2 - How are chromosomes named on the basis of their...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 2 -
9. Describe the phases of the cell cycle and the...Ch. 2 - Define and discuss these terms: (a) synapsis, (b)...Ch. 2 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 2 - Contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. What is...Ch. 2 -
14. Explain why meiosis leads to significant...Ch. 2 -
15. A diploid cell contains three pairs of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 2 -
17. During oogenesis in an animal species with a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 2 -
19. During the first meiotic prophase, (a) when...Ch. 2 -
20. Describe the role of meiosis in the life...Ch. 2 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 2 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 2 -
24. If one follows 50 primary oocytes in an...Ch. 2 -
25. The nuclear DNA content of a single sperm...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 -
For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...Ch. 2 - For Problems 26–31, consider a diploid cell that...
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- Kuliev and Verlinsky (2004) state that there was a relatively high number of separation errors at meiosis I. In these cases the centromere underwent a premature division, occurring at meiosis I rather than meiosis II. Regarding chromosome 21, what would you expect to be the chromosome 21 complement in the secondary oocyte in which you saw a single chromatid (monad) for chromosome 21 in the first polar body? If this secondary oocyte was involved in fertilization, what would be the expected consequences?arrow_forwardGiven the end results of the two types of cell division, why is it necessary for homologs to pair during meiosis and not desirable for them to pair during mitosis?arrow_forwardin metaphase 1 of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes line up side by side along the equator so that crossing over can occur between the homologous pairs and the homologous chromosomes can be pulled to opposite poles during anaphase 1. in mitosis, by contrast, homologous chromosomes line up single file along the equator. what benefits are derived from these two different ways that homologous chromosomes are positioned at metaphase in meiosis and mitosis?arrow_forward
- The garden pea (Pisum sativum) is normally a diploid and has 7 chromosomes in one set (in other words, n = 7). Use this information to answer the following questions: a. How many centromeres would be in a cell of a tetraploid pea plant? ______ b. How many total chromatids would be in a cell of a tetraploid pea plant in metaphase of mitosis? _______ c. How many total chromosomes would be in a cell of a pea plant that is monosomic for a single chromosome?arrow_forwardWhat is the key difference between daughter cells resulting from mitosis and meiosis? In humans, the 4 daughter cells of meiosis contain how many chromosomes? A parent cell has 10 chromosomes. If one daughter cells after mitosis has 9 single chromosomes and the other has 9 single chromosomes and 1 double chromosome, when did the error occur?arrow_forwardHuman somatic cells have 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in human cells undergoing each of the following phases of meiosis? Interphase - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Prophase I - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Prophase II - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Telophase I - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2 Telophase II - Answer: 0 2 3 4 6 9 2arrow_forward
- You are looking at a spread of cells in some unknown stage of cell division, and you discover that there are seven chromosomes (3 metacentric, 3 telocentric, and 1 acrocentric) visible in each dividing cell. What type of nuclear division have you identified, and what conclusions can be drawn about the number of chromosomes that make-up the species?arrow_forwardAt what stage of mitosis can the kind and number of chromosomes be easily detected and determined? How does non disjunction in meiosis lead to numerical chromosomal aberration? If cell division during gametogenesis is non meoitic, what is its consequence to the future generations of diploid organisms? What is the relationship between meiosis and fertilization?arrow_forwardWhy is the difference in cohesin cleavage in mitosis and meiosis important for proper segregation in each respective cell division?arrow_forward
- For an organism with a diploid number of 6, how are the chromosomes arranged during metaphase?arrow_forwardHow many chromosomes and how many chromatids in the picture??arrow_forwardVariations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.arrow_forward
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