Concept explainers
(1)
To explain: The effect of hyperparathyroidism on serum calcium levels and bone density.
Concept introduction: Calcium is an essential extracellular cation. It is necessary for several functions that include bone formation, vesicle docking, synaptic conduction, muscle contractions, enzyme reactions, and many more. The optimum range of calcium in the system is 4 mEq per liter to 5 mEq per liter. Hypocalcemia is a condition where the level of calcium drops below 4mEq per liter. Hypercalcemia is a condition where the level of calcium is more than 5mEq per liter.
(2)
To explain: The effect of renal failure on serum calcium levels and bone density.
Concept introduction: Calcium is an essential extracellular cation. It is necessary for several functions that include bone formation, vesicle docking, synaptic conduction, muscle contractions, enzyme reactions, and many more. The optimum range of calcium in the system is 4 mEq per liter to 5 mEq per liter. Hypocalcemia is a condition where the level of calcium drops below 4mEq per liter. Hypercalcemia is a condition where the level of calcium is more than 5mEq per liter.
(3)
To explain: The effect of a large intake of vitamin D on serum calcium levels and bone density.
Concept introduction: Calcium is an essential extracellular cation. It is necessary for several functions that include bone formation, vesicle docking, synaptic conduction, muscle contractions, enzyme reactions, and many more. The optimum range of calcium in the system is 4 mEq per liter to 5 mEq per liter. Hypocalcemia is a condition where the level of calcium drops below 4mEq per liter. Hypercalcemia is a condition where the level of calcium is more than 5mEq per liter.
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