Concept explainers
Communication Activity
You are the
Nancy Kopay is a customer who recently had custom cabinets installed. Along with her check in payment for the work done, she included a letter. She thanked the company for including the detailed cost information but questioned why overhead was estimated She stated that she would be interested in knowing exactly what costs were included in overhead, and she thought that other customers would, too.
Instructions
Prepare a letter to Ms. Kopay (address: 123 Cedar Lane, Altoona. KS 66651) and tell her why you did not send her information on exact costs of overhead included in her job. Respond to her suggestion that you provide this information.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 2 Solutions
Managerial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making 7e Binder Ready Version + WileyPLUS Registration Card
Additional Business Textbook Solutions
Financial Accounting (11th Edition)
Financial Accounting, Student Value Edition (4th Edition)
Financial Accounting, Student Value Edition (5th Edition)
Financial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making, 8th Edition
Managerial Accounting (4th Edition)
Cost Accounting (15th Edition)
- Dr. Alyx Hemmings is employed by Mesa Dental. Mesa Dental recently installed a computerized job-order costing system to help monitor the cost of its services. Each patient is assigned a job number when he or she checks in with the receptionist. The receptionist-bookkeeper notes the time the patient enters the treatment area and when the patient leaves the area. This difference between the entry and exit times is the number of patient hours used and the direct labor time assigned to the dental assistant. (A dental assistant is constantly with the patient.) The direct labor time assigned to the dentist is 50 percent of the patient hours. (The dentist typically splits her time between two patients.) The chart filled out by the dental assistant provides additional data that is entered into the computer. For example, the chart contains service codes that identify the nature of the treatment, such as whether the patient received a crown, a filling, or a root canal. The chart not only identifies the type of service but its level as well. For example, if a patient receives a filling, the dental assistant indicates (by a service-level code) whether the filling was one, two, three, or four surfaces. The service and service-level codes are used to determine the rate to be charged to the patient. The costs of providing different services and their levels also vary. Costs assignable to a patient consist of materials, labor, and overhead. The types of materials usedand the quantityare identified by the assistant and entered into the computer by the bookkeeper. Material prices are kept on file and accessed to provide the necessary cost information. Overhead is applied on the basis of patient hours. The rate used by Mesa Dental is 32 per patient hour. Direct labor cost is also computed using patient hours and the wage rates of the direct laborers. Dr. Hemmings is paid an average of 60 per hour for her services. Dental assistants are paid an average of 20 per hour. Given the treatment time, the software program calculates and assigns the labor cost for the dentist and her assistant; overhead cost is also assigned using the treatment time and the overhead rate. The overhead rate does not include a charge for any X-rays. The X-Ray Department is separate from dental services; X-rays are billed and costed separately. The cost of an X-ray is 12 per film; the patient is charged 15 per film. If cleaning services are required, cleaning labor costs 35 per patient hour. Glen Johnson, a patient (Job 267), spent 30 minutes in the treatment area and had a two-surface filling. He received two Novocaine shots and used three ampules of amalgam. The cost of the shots was 14 (7 each). The cost of the amalgam was 6 per ampule. Other direct materials used are insignificant in amount and are included in the overhead rate. The rate charged to the patient for a two-surface filling is 110. One X-ray was taken. Required: 1. Prepare a job-order cost sheet for Glen Johnson. What is the cost for providing a two-surface filling? What is the gross profit earned? Is the X-ray a direct cost of the service? Why are the X-rays costed separately from the overhead cost assignment? 2. Suppose that the patient time and associated patient charges are given for the following fillings: Compute the cost for each filling and the gross profit for each type of filling. Assume that the cost of Novocaine is 14 for all fillings. Ampules of amalgam start at two and increase by one for each additional surface. Assume also that only one X-ray film is needed for all four cases. Does the increase in billing rate appear to be fair to the patient? Is it fair to the dental corporation?arrow_forwardThe following describes the job responsibilities of two employees of Barney Manufacturing. Joan Dennison, Cost Accounting Manager. Joan is responsible for measuring and collecting costs associated with the manufacture of the garden hose product line. She is also responsible for preparing periodic reports that compare the actual costs with planned costs. These reports are provided to the production line managers and the plant manager. Joan helps to explain and interpret the reports. Steven Swasey, Production Manager. Steven is responsible for the manufacture of the high-quality garden hose. He supervises the line workers, helps to develop the production schedule, and is responsible for seeing that production quotas are met. He is also held accountable for controlling manufacturing costs. Required: CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Identify Joan and Steven as line or staff and explain your reasons.arrow_forwardGerken Fabrication Inc. uses the job order cost system of accounting. The following information was taken from the companys books after all posting had been completed at the end of March: a. Compute the total production cost of each job. b. Prepare the journal entries to charge the costs of materials, labor, and factory overhead to Work in Process. c. Prepare the journal entry to transfer the cost of jobs completed to Finished Goods. d. Compute the unit cost of each job. e. Compute the selling price per unit for each job, assuming a mark-on percentage of 50%.arrow_forward
- A job order cost accounting system accumulates and records product costs by jobs. The resulting total and unit product costs can be used to do all of the following except a.compare actual costs to expected costs b.make cost comparisons across similar jobs c.analyze cost trends over time d.create customer profiles for the sales staffarrow_forwardThe following describes the job responsibilities of two employees of Barney Manufacturing.Joan Dennison, Cost Accounting Manager. Joan is responsible for measuring and collectingcosts associated with the manufacture of the garden hose product line. She is also responsiblefor preparing periodic reports that compare the actual costs with planned costs. These reportsare provided to the production line managers and the plant manager. Joan helps to explain andinterpret the reports.Steven Swasey, Production Manager. Steven is responsible for the manufacture of thehigh-quality garden hose. He supervises the line workers, helps to develop the productionschedule, and is responsible for seeing that production quotas are met. He is also held accountable for controlling manufacturing costs.Required:CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Identify Joan and Steven as line or staff and explain yourreasons.arrow_forwardTech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job - order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and installs on behalf of its clients. The firm's direct labor includes salaries of consultants that work at the client's job site, and its overhead consists of costs such as depreciation, utilities, and insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients. Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor - hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 55,000 direct labor - hours would be required for the period's estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $302, 500 of fixed overhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor - hour. The firm's actual overhead cost for the year was $321, 300 and its actual total direct labor was 58, 850 hours. Required: 1. Compute the predetermined…arrow_forward
- Tech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job-order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and installs on behalf of its clients. The firm’s direct labor includes salaries of consultants that work at the client’s job site, and its overhead consists ofcosts such as depreciation, utilities, and insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients.Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct laborhours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 80,000 direct labor-hours would be required for the period’s estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $680,000 of fixedoverhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor-hour. The firm’s actual overhead cost for the year was $692,000 and its actual total direct labor was 83,000 hours.Required:1. Compute the predetermined overhead rate.2.…arrow_forwardTech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job-order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and installs on behalf of its clients. The firm’s direct labor includes salaries of consultants that work at the client’s job site, and its overhead consists of costs such as depreciation, utilities, and insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients.  Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 77,500 direct labor-hours would be required for the period’s estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $775,000 of fixed overhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor-hour. The firm’s actual overhead cost for the year was $789,800 and its actual total direct labor was 83,350 hours.  Required: 1. Compute the predetermined…arrow_forwardTech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job-order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and installs on behalf of its clients. The firm's direct labor includes salaries of consultants that work at the client's job site, and its overhead consists of costs such as depreciation, utilities, and insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients. Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 75,000 direct labor-hours would be required for the period's estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $712,500 of fixed overhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor-hour. The firm's actual overhead cost for the year was $731,500 and its actual total direct labor was 80,650 hours. Required: 1. Compute the predetermined overhead…arrow_forward
- Tech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job-order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and installs on behalf of its clients. The firm’s direct labor includes salaries of consultants that work at the client’s job site, and its overhead consists of costs such as depreciation, utilities, and insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients.  Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 80,000 direct labor-hours would be required for the period’s estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $680,000 of fixed overhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor-hour. The firm’s actual overhead cost for the year was $692,000 and its actual total direct labor was 83,000 hours.  Required: 1. Compute the predetermined…arrow_forwardTech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job-order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and installs on behalf of its clients. The firm's direct labor includes salaries of consultants that work at the client's job site, and its overhead consists of costs such as depreciation, utilities, and insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients. Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 92,500 direct labor-hours would be required for the period's estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $1,156,250 of fixed overhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor-hour. The firm's actual overhead cost for the year was $1,177,550 and its actual total direct labor was 97,750 hours. Required: 1. Compute the predetermined…arrow_forwardTech Solutions is a consulting firm that uses a job-order costing system. Its direct materials consist of hardware and software that it purchases and Installs on behalf of its clients. The firm's direct labor Includes salaries of consultants that work at the client's job site, and its overhead consists of costs such as depreciation, utilities, and Insurance related to the office headquarters as well as the office supplies that are consumed serving clients. Tech Solutions computes its predetermined overhead rate annually on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year, it estimated that 92,500 direct labor-hours would be required for the period's estimated level of client service. The company also estimated $1,156,250 of fixed overhead cost for the coming period and variable overhead of $0.50 per direct labor-hour. The firm's actual overhead cost for the year was $1,177,550 and its actual total direct labor was 97,750 hours. Required: 1. Compute the predetermined…arrow_forward
- Principles of Cost AccountingAccountingISBN:9781305087408Author:Edward J. Vanderbeck, Maria R. MitchellPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial AccountingAccountingISBN:9781337912020Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. TaylerPublisher:South-Western College PubManagerial Accounting: The Cornerstone of Busines...AccountingISBN:9781337115773Author:Maryanne M. Mowen, Don R. Hansen, Dan L. HeitgerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Cornerstones of Cost Management (Cornerstones Ser...AccountingISBN:9781305970663Author:Don R. Hansen, Maryanne M. MowenPublisher:Cengage Learning