Concept explainers
(a)
Job order costing is a method of cost accounting, in which cost is collected and accumulated for each job, work order, or project separately. Especially the job order costing is followed in organizations where customized goods are produced.
To determine: The stakeholders in the given situation.
(b)
Job order costing:
Job order costing is a method of cost accounting, in which cost is collected and accumulated for each job, work order, or project separately. Especially the job order costing is followed in organizations where customized goods are produced.
To determine: The ethical issues in the given situation.
(c)
Job order costing:
Job order costing is a method of cost accounting, in which cost is collected and accumulated for each job, work order, or project separately. Especially the job order costing is followed in organizations where customized goods are produced.
To determine: What would one do if he/she were
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Managerial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making
- Ventana Window and Wall Treatments Company provides draperies, shades, and various window treatments. Ventana works with the customer to design the appropriate window treatment, places the order, and installs the finished product. Direct materials and direct labor costs are easy to trace to the jobs. Ventanas income statement for last year is as follows: Ventana wants to find a markup on cost of goods sold that will allow them to earn about the same amount of profit on each job as was earned last year. Required: 1. What is the markup on cost of goods sold (COGS) that will maintain the same profit as last year? (Round the percentage to two significant digits.) 2. A customer orders draperies and shades for a remodeling job. The job will have the following costs: What is the price that Ventana will quote given the markup percentage calculated in Requirement 1? (Round the price to the nearest dollar.) 3. What if Ventana wants to calculate a markup on direct materials cost, since it is the largest cost of doing business? What is the markup on direct materials cost that will maintain the same profit as last year? (Round the percentage to two significant digits.) What is the bid price Ventana will use for the job given in Requirement 2 if the markup percentage is calculated on the basis of direct materials cost? (Round to the nearest dollar.)arrow_forwardBoston Executive. Inc., produces executive limousines and currently manufactures the mini-bar inset at these costs: The company received an offer from Elite Mini-Bars to produce the insets for $2,100 per Unit and supply 1,000 mini-bars for the coming years estimated production. If the company accepts this offer and shuts down production of this part of the business, production workers and supervisors will be reassigned to other areas. Assume that for the short-term decision-making process demonstrated in this problem, the companys total labor costs (direct labor and supervisor salaries) will remain the same if the bar inserts are purchased. The specialized equipment cannot be used and has no market value. However, the space occupied by the mini bar production can be used by a different production group that will lease it for $55,000 per year. Should the company make or buy the mini-bar insert?arrow_forwardAaron McKinney is a cost accountant for Majik Systems Inc. Martin Dodd, Vice President of Marketing, has asked Aaron to meet with representatives of Majik Systems major competitor to discuss product cost data. Martin indicates that the sharing of these data will enable Majik Systems to determine a fair and equitable price for its products. Would it be ethical for Aaron to attend the meeting and share the relevant cost data? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Ella Maksimov is CEO of her own marketing firm. The firm recently moved from a strip mall in the suburbs to an office space in a downtown building, in order to make the firms employees more accessible to clients. Two new clients are interested in using Ellas advertising services but both clients are in the same line of business, meaning that Ellas company can represent only one of the clients. Pampered Pooches wants to hire Ellas firm for a one-year contract for web, newspaper, radio, and direct mail advertising. Pampered will pay $126,000 for these services. Ella estimates the cost of the services requested by Pampered Pooches to be $83,000. Delightful Dogs is interested in hiring Ella to produce mass mailings and web ads. Delightful will pay Ella $94,000 for these services and Ella estimates the cost of these services to be $47,000. Identify any relevant costs, relevant revenues, sunk costs, and opportunity costs that Ella Graham has to consider in making the decision whether to represent Pampered Pooches or Delightful Dogs.arrow_forwardAssume you are the warehouse manager for Vinnies Vinyls, a multi-location business specializing in vinyl records. Vinniess operates under a cost-based transfer structure and the warehouse supplies all stores with the records. The stores can purchase records only from the warehouse, and the warehouse can only sell to Vinnies stores. The manager of the West store has some concerns relating to the stores financial performance and has asked for your help analyzing transfer costs. After calculating the operating income in dollars and the operating income percent, analyze the following financial information to determine costs that may need further investigation. (Hint: it may be helpful to perform a vertical analysis.)arrow_forwardConsider the following situation. Tricon Piping Systems manufactures small diameter potable polyethylene water pipe and achieves distribution primarily through plumbing wholesalers. The firm also sells directly to large construction companies, often creating friction with the plumbing wholesalers. Because there are several manufacturers who produce to the same specifications, price competition is often intense. The salesperson for Tricon recently offered a price concession to capture an order. Here are the specifics. The salesperson bid a job at $14,275 (list price). Tricon endeavors to sell at list price, and enjoys a 42% gross margin on the pipe in question at list price. In order to gain the "business" and to secure her commission, the salesperson offered the customer a 14% price discount. Calculate the percent change (+/-) in gross margin. Report your answer as a percentage and round to the nearest percent.arrow_forward
- TAC Industries Inc. sells heavy equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost-plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division's job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division's income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of government customers. She believed that this would create a “win–win” for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs, and (2)…arrow_forwardTAC Industries Inc. sells heavy equipment to large corporations and federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined by adding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division's job cost sheets, she realized that she could increase the division's income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of government customers. She believed that this would create a “win–win” for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs, and (2)…arrow_forwardTAC Industries sells heavy equipment to large corporations and to federal, state, and local governments. Corporate sales are the result of a competitive bidding process, where TAC competes against other companies based on selling price. Sales to the government, however, are determined on a cost plus basis, where the selling price is determined byadding a fixed markup percentage to the total job cost. Tandy Lane is the cost accountant for the Equipment Division of TAC Industries Inc. The division is under pressure from senior management to improve income from operations. As Tandy reviewed the division’s job cost sheets, she realized that she couldincrease the division’s income from operations by moving a portion of the direct labor hours that had been assigned to the job order cost sheets of corporate customers onto the job order costs sheets of governmentcustomers. She believed that this would create a win–win for the division by (1) reducing the cost of corporate jobs and (2)…arrow_forward
- As part of his cost-reduction efforts, Fletch is interested in reducing labor costs. He asks you to evaluate the financial impact of a proposal involving an alternative labor contract for manual finishing labor (MAN-5). Under the proposed contract, the company would guarantee a 40-hour workweek for these employees. The hourly wage under the guaranteed 40-hour workweek would be $14 instead of $15. Based on the number of MAN-5 employees that the company plans to employ, this means that the company is committed to paying its MAN-5 employees for 1,600 hours each month, even if there is not enough work to keep them busy. If the number of MAN-5 labor hours per month is higher than 1,600 hours, MAN-5 employees will receive time-and-a-half overtime pay. MACH-2 labor hours will not be impacted. To fulfil Fletch’s request, first, insert a new worksheet at the end of the Excel template and set up a new direct labor budget (only for MAN-5). Then, answer the following questions: a. Calculate the…arrow_forwardWanda Instrumentation produces navigational equipment for ships, aircraft (both staffed and drones), and land vehicles. The parts are produced to specification by their customers. Depending on the customer and the type of job, the customer pays according to the terms of either a "fixed-price" contract (the price does not depend directly on the cost of the job) or of a "cost-plus" contract (the price is equal to recorded cost plus a fixed fee). Wanda expects only two clients (Ivanhoe Aviation and Rolf's Shipyard) in Year 2. The work done for Ivanhoe will all be done under cost-plus contracts while the work done for Rolf's will all be done under fixed-price contracts. Selected budget data for Year 2 include the following:  Ivanhoe Aviation Rolf's Shipyard Unassigned Direct labor cost ($000) $ 660 $ 2,340  Direct materials cost ($000) 1,980 1,620  Manufacturing overhead ($000)   $ 6,480 Required: Compute the predetermined rate assuming that Wanda Instrumentation uses…arrow_forwardMarine Components produces parts for airplanes and ships. The parts are produced to specification by their customers, who pay either a fixed price (the price does not depend directly on the cost of the job) or price equal to recorded cost plus a fixed fee (cost plus). For the upcoming year (year 2), Marine expects only two clients (client 1 and client 2). The work done for client 1 will all be done under fixed-price contracts while the work done for client 2 will all be done under cost-plus contracts.  The controller at Marine Components chose direct labor cost as the allocation base in year 2, based on what she considered reflected the relation between overhead and direct labor cost. Year 3 is approaching and again the company only expects two clients: client 1 and client 3. Work for client 1 will continue to be billed using fixed-price contracts, and client 3 will be billed based on cost-plus contracts.  Manufacturing overhead for year 3 is estimated to be $18 million. Other…arrow_forward
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