Concept explainers
Communication Activity
You are the
Nancy Kopay is a customer who recently had custom cabinets installed. Along with her check in payment for the work done, she included a letter. She thanked the company for including the detailed cost information but questioned why overhead was estimated She stated that she would be interested in knowing exactly what costs were included in overhead, and she thought that other customers would, too.
Instructions
Prepare a letter to Ms. Kopay (address: 123 Cedar Lane, Altoona. KS 66651) and tell her why you did not send her information on exact costs of overhead included in her job. Respond to her suggestion that you provide this information.
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Managerial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making
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- Gerken Fabrication Inc. uses the job order cost system of accounting. The following information was taken from the companys books after all posting had been completed at the end of March: a. Compute the total production cost of each job. b. Prepare the journal entries to charge the costs of materials, labor, and factory overhead to Work in Process. c. Prepare the journal entry to transfer the cost of jobs completed to Finished Goods. d. Compute the unit cost of each job. e. Compute the selling price per unit for each job, assuming a mark-on percentage of 50%.arrow_forwardJob cost sheet Remnant Carpet Company sells and installs commercial carpeting for office buildings. Remnant Carpet Company uses a job order cost system. When a prospective customer asks for a price quote on a job, the estimated cost data are inserted on an unnumbered job cost sheet. If the offer is accepted, a number is assigned to the job, and the costs incurred are recorded in the usual manner on the job cost sheet. After the job is completed, reasons for the variances between the estimated and actual costs are noted on the sheet. The data are then available to management in evaluating the efficiency of operations and in preparing quotes on future jobs. On October 1, Remnant Carpet Company gave Jackson Consulting an estimate of 9,450 to carpet the consulting firms newly leased office. The estimate was based on the following data: On October 3, Jackson Consulting signed a purchase contract, and the delivery and installation were completed on October 10. The related materials requisitions and time tickets are summarized as follows: Instructions 1. Complete that portion of the job cost sheet that would be prepared when the estimate is given to the customer. 2. Record the costs incurred, and prepare a job cost sheet. Comment on the reasons for the variances between actual costs and estimated costs. For this purpose, assume that the additional meters of material used in the job were spoiled, the factory overhead rate has proven to be satisfactory, and an inexperienced employee performed the work.arrow_forwardThe following describes the job responsibilities of two employees of Barney Manufacturing. Joan Dennison, Cost Accounting Manager. Joan is responsible for measuring and collecting costs associated with the manufacture of the garden hose product line. She is also responsible for preparing periodic reports that compare the actual costs with planned costs. These reports are provided to the production line managers and the plant manager. Joan helps to explain and interpret the reports. Steven Swasey, Production Manager. Steven is responsible for the manufacture of the high-quality garden hose. He supervises the line workers, helps to develop the production schedule, and is responsible for seeing that production quotas are met. He is also held accountable for controlling manufacturing costs. Required: CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Identify Joan and Steven as line or staff and explain your reasons.arrow_forward
- Job cost sheet Stretch and Trim Carpet Company sells and installs commercial carpeting for office buildings. Stretch and Trim Carpet Company uses a job order cost system. When a prospective customer asks for a price quote on a job, the estimated cost data are inserted on an unnumbered job cost sheet. If the offer is accepted, a number is assigned to the job, and the costs incurred are recorded in the usual manner on the job cost sheet. After the job is completed, reasons for the variances between the estimated and actual costs are noted on the sheet. The data are then available to management in evaluating the efficiency of operations and in preparing quotes on future jobs. On May 9, Stretch and Trim gave Lunden Consulting an estimate of 18,044 to carpet the consulting firms newly leased office. The estimate was based on the following data: On May 10, Lunden Consulting signed a purchase contract, and the carpet was delivered and installed on May 15. The related materials requisitions and time tickets are summarized as follows: Instructions 1. Complete that portion of the job cost sheet that would be prepared when the estimate is given to the customer. (Round factory overhead applied to the nearest dollar.) 2. Record the costs incurred, and prepare a job cost sheet. Comment on the reasons for the variances between actual costs and estimated costs. For this purpose, assume that the additional meters of material used in the job were spoiled, the factory overhead rate has proven to be satisfactory, and an inexperienced employee performed the work.arrow_forwardDr. Alyx Hemmings is employed by Mesa Dental. Mesa Dental recently installed a computerized job-order costing system to help monitor the cost of its services. Each patient is assigned a job number when he or she checks in with the receptionist. The receptionist-bookkeeper notes the time the patient enters the treatment area and when the patient leaves the area. This difference between the entry and exit times is the number of patient hours used and the direct labor time assigned to the dental assistant. (A dental assistant is constantly with the patient.) The direct labor time assigned to the dentist is 50 percent of the patient hours. (The dentist typically splits her time between two patients.) The chart filled out by the dental assistant provides additional data that is entered into the computer. For example, the chart contains service codes that identify the nature of the treatment, such as whether the patient received a crown, a filling, or a root canal. The chart not only identifies the type of service but its level as well. For example, if a patient receives a filling, the dental assistant indicates (by a service-level code) whether the filling was one, two, three, or four surfaces. The service and service-level codes are used to determine the rate to be charged to the patient. The costs of providing different services and their levels also vary. Costs assignable to a patient consist of materials, labor, and overhead. The types of materials usedand the quantityare identified by the assistant and entered into the computer by the bookkeeper. Material prices are kept on file and accessed to provide the necessary cost information. Overhead is applied on the basis of patient hours. The rate used by Mesa Dental is 32 per patient hour. Direct labor cost is also computed using patient hours and the wage rates of the direct laborers. Dr. Hemmings is paid an average of 60 per hour for her services. Dental assistants are paid an average of 20 per hour. Given the treatment time, the software program calculates and assigns the labor cost for the dentist and her assistant; overhead cost is also assigned using the treatment time and the overhead rate. The overhead rate does not include a charge for any X-rays. The X-Ray Department is separate from dental services; X-rays are billed and costed separately. The cost of an X-ray is 12 per film; the patient is charged 15 per film. If cleaning services are required, cleaning labor costs 35 per patient hour. Glen Johnson, a patient (Job 267), spent 30 minutes in the treatment area and had a two-surface filling. He received two Novocaine shots and used three ampules of amalgam. The cost of the shots was 14 (7 each). The cost of the amalgam was 6 per ampule. Other direct materials used are insignificant in amount and are included in the overhead rate. The rate charged to the patient for a two-surface filling is 110. One X-ray was taken. Required: 1. Prepare a job-order cost sheet for Glen Johnson. What is the cost for providing a two-surface filling? What is the gross profit earned? Is the X-ray a direct cost of the service? Why are the X-rays costed separately from the overhead cost assignment? 2. Suppose that the patient time and associated patient charges are given for the following fillings: Compute the cost for each filling and the gross profit for each type of filling. Assume that the cost of Novocaine is 14 for all fillings. Ampules of amalgam start at two and increase by one for each additional surface. Assume also that only one X-ray film is needed for all four cases. Does the increase in billing rate appear to be fair to the patient? Is it fair to the dental corporation?arrow_forwardJOB ORDER COSTING WITH UNDER- AND OVERAPPLIED FACTORY OVERHEAD M Evans Sons manufactures parts for radios. For each job order, it maintains ledger sheets on which it records direct labor, direct materials, and factory overhead applied. The factory overhead control account contains postings of actual overhead costs. At the end of the month, the under- or overapplied factory overhead is charged to the cost of goods sold account. Factory overhead is applied on the basis of direct labor hours. For Job Nos. 101, 102, 103, and 104, direct labor hours are 12,000, 10,000, 11,000, and 18,000, respectively. The overhead application rate is 1.20/direct labor hour (a) Purchased raw materials on account, 50,000. (b) Issued direct materials: (c) Issued indirect materials to production, 8,000. (d) Incurred direct labor costs: (e) Charged indirect labor to production, 15,000. (f) Paid electricity bill, taxes, and repair fees for the factory and charged to production, 8,000. (g) Depreciation expense on factory equipment, 30,000. (h) Applied factory overhead to Job Nos. 101-104 using the predetermined factory overhead rare (see above). (i) Finished Job Nos. 101-103 and transferred to the finished goods inventory account as products N, O, and P. (j) Sold products N and O for 50,000 and 45,400, respectively. (k) Transferred under- or overapplied factory overhead balance to the cost of goods sold account. REQUIRED 1. Prepare general journal entries to record transactions (a) through (k). Make compound entries for (b), (d), and (h), with separate debits for each job. 2. Post the entries to the work in process and finished goods T accounts only and determine the ending balances in these accounts. 3. Compute the balance in the job cost ledger and verify that this balance agrees with that in the work in process control account.arrow_forward
- For each item listed, state whether a job order costing system or process costing system would be best. television repair cell phone charge cords glassware with company logo dog food golf balls hotel signs to welcome guests highlighters and pensarrow_forwardA companys individual job sheets show these costs: Overhead is applied at 1.75 times the direct labor cost. Use the data on the cost sheets to perform these tasks: Apply overhead to each of the jobs. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct material to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct labor to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of manufacturing overhead to work in process.arrow_forwardRIRA Company makes attachments such as backhoes and grader and bulldozer blades for construction equipment. The company uses a job order cost system. Management is concerned about cost performance and evaluates the job cost sheets to learn more about the cost effectiveness of the operations. To facilitate a comparison, the job cost sheets for Job 206 (for 50 backhoe buckets completed in October) and Job 228 (for 75 backhoe buckets completed in December) were pulled and presented as follows: Management is concerned about the increase in unit costs over the months from October to December. To understand what has occurred, management interviewed the purchasing manager and quality manager. Purchasing Manager: Prices have been holding steady for our raw materials during the first half of the year. I found a new supplier for our bulk steel that was willing to offer a better price than we received in the past. I saw these lower steel prices and jumped on them, knowing that a reduction in steel prices would have a very favorable impact on our costs. Quality Manager: Something happened around mid-year. All of a sudden, we were experiencing problems with respect to the quality of our steel. As a result, weve been having all sorts of problems on the shop floor in our foundry and welding operation. a. Analyze the two job cost sheets and identify why the unit costs have changed for the backhoe buckets. Complete the following schedule to help in your analysis: b. How would you interpret what has happened in light of your analysis and the interviews?arrow_forward
- Kingsford Furnishings Company manufactures designer furniture. Kingsford Furnishings uses a job order cost system. Balances on April 1 from the materials ledger are as follows: The materials purchased during April are summarized from the receiving reports as follows: Materials were requisitioned to individual jobs as follows: The glue is not a significant cost, so it is treated as indirect materials (factory overhead). a. Journalize the entry to record the purchase of materials in April. b. Journalize the entry to record the requisition of materials in April. c. Determine the April 30 balances that would be shown in the materials ledger accounts.arrow_forwardA companys Individual job sheets show these costs: Overhead is applied at 1.25 times the direct labor cost. Use the data on the cost sheets to perform these tasks: Apply overhead to each of the jobs. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct materials to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of direct labor to work in process. Prepare an entry to record the assignment of manufacturing overhead to work in process.arrow_forwardUse the space provided below to prepare six summary journal entries for the month of August. These entries record (1) cost of direct materials used, (2) cost of direct labor, (3) cost of applied overhead, (4) cost of jobs completed, (5) cost of goods sold, and (6) total sales on account. Then set up T-accounts for Work in Process, Finished Goods, Cost of Goods Sold, and Sales. Post the entries to the appropriate accounts and then balance each account. Finally, prepare a supporting schedule by job number showing the cost of ending work in process, finished goods, and cost of goods sold.arrow_forward
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